Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L6GB-V48
• Birth: 1508, Newton, Lancashire, England

Family/Spouse: Jones, Lady Eleanor. Eleanor (daughter of Jones, Thomas) was born in 1529 in Newton House, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1595 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. ap Gruffydd, Thomas was born in 1520 in Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1585 in Ebbemant, Caemarthen, Wales.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Knight
• FSID: LXQS-85R

Notes:

Rhys ap Gruffydd (rebel)

Rhys ap Gruffydd (1508–1531) was a powerful Welsh landowner who was accused of rebelling against King Henry VIII by plotting with James V of Scotland to become Prince of Wales . He was executed as a rebel. He married Lady Catherine Howard (b. abt 1499 Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England), the daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and his second wife Agnes Tilney .

Early life
Rhys was the grandson of Rhys ap Thomas , the most powerful man in Wales and close ally of Henry VII . Rhys was a descendant of the medieval Welsh king Rhys ap Gruffydd (1132–1197), his namesake. His father, Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas , died in 1521, leaving him his grandfather’s heir. In 1524 Rhys married Catherine Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk .[1]

As his grandfather’s heir, Rhys expected to inherit his estates and titles. When Rhys ap Thomas died in 1525, Henry VIII gave his most important titles and powers to Walter Devereux, Lord Ferrers, leading to a feud between Rhys and Ferrers which escalated over the next few years.

Conflict with Ferrers
Rhys attempted to increase his status in Wales, petitioning Cardinal Thomas Wolsey to be given various posts. Potential for conflict with Ferrers increased when both men were given the right to extend their number of retainers; this led to the emergence of competing armed gangs.[2] The bad-blood between Rhys and Ferrers reached a crisis-point in June 1529 when Ferrers made a display of his status during preparations for the annual Court of Great Sessions in Carmarthen. Rhys, surrounded by forty armed men, threatened Ferrers with a knife. Rhys was arrested and imprisoned in Carmarthen Castle . Rhys’s wife Catherine escalated the situation by collecting hundreds of her supporters and attacking the castle. She later threatened Ferrers himself with an armed gang. In the conflict between the two factions several of Ferrers’s men were killed. The factions continued to cause other disruptions over the coming months, leading to deaths in street-fights and acts of piracy.

Treason charges
The rebellious actions of Rhys’s supporters led to Rhys’s transfer to prison in London by 1531. By this stage Henry was claiming that Rhys was attempting to overthrow his government in Wales. Rhys had added the title Fitz-Urien to his name, referring to Urien , the ancient Welsh ruler of Rheged , a person of mythical significance. Rhys’s accusers claimed that this was an attempt to assert himself as Prince of Wales. He was supposed to be plotting with James V of Scotland to overthrow Henry in fulfilment of ancient Welsh prophesies.

Rhys was convicted of treason and was executed in December 1531. The execution caused widespread dismay and he was openly said to have been innocent.[2] Contemporary writer Ellis Gruffudd, however, argued that the arrogance of the Rhys family had caused their downfall, saying that “many men regarded his death as Divine retribution for the falsehoods of his ancestors, his grandfather, and great-grandfather, and for their oppressions and wrongs. They had many a deep curse from the poor people who were their neighbours, for depriving them of their homes, lands and riches.”[3]

Historian Ralph Griffith asserts that “Rhys’s execution...was an act of judicial murder based on charges devised to suit the prevailing political and dynastic situation”. Since it was linked to Henry’s attempt to centralise power and break with the church of Rome, he argues that it “in retrospect made him [Rhys] one of the earliest martyrs of the English Reformation.”[2] Rhys was believed to be opposed to the Reformation and had spoken disparagingly of Anne Boleyn . He had also been friendly with Katherine of Aragon and Cardinal Wolsey, so ridding himself of Rhys helped Henry to prepare the ground for the Reformation.[4] The execution led to fears of a Welsh rebellion. One clergyman was concerned that the Welsh and Irish would join together.[2]

Family
With his death Rhys’ vast possessions were forfeit to the crown. His children are known by the Anglicised surname “Rice”. His son, Griffith Rice (c.1530–1584), was restored to some of the family estates by Queen Mary .[1] His daughter Agnes Rice had a celebrated affair with William Stourton, 7th Baron Stourton , and in defiance of the rights of his widow and children, she inherited much of the Stourton estates after his death. She later married Sir Edward Baynton, and had children by both William and Edward.

Rhys’ grandson Henry Rice aka Price Rhys, born 1634 Redstone, Pembrokeshire is listed on Rootsweb along with his descendants.

References
[1] Dictionary of Welsh Biography, National Library of Wales
[2] Ralph Griffith, Rhys ap Thomas and his Family, University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1993, pp.106, 110–11.
[3] Griffiths, p.72.
[4] London Carmarthenshire society, A history of Carmarthenshire, Volume 1, Society by W. Lewis limited, 1935, p.263.

Rhys ap Gruffydd (rebel) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd_(rebel)?oldid=781907185 Contributors: Paul Barlow,
Nlu, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Waacstats, CommonsDelinker, Innapoy, Chrisdoyleorwell, HueSatLum, OccultZone, Murphy108, KasparBot
and Anonymous: 1

File:COA_Sir_Rhys_ap_Thomas.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/COA_Sir_Rhys_ap_Thomas.
svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: AlexD

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Rhys married Howard, Lady Catherine in 1524 in North Crawley, Buckinghamshire, England. Catherine (daughter of Howard, Lord Duke Thomas I and Tilney, Lady Elizabeth Agnes) was born on 30 May 1499 in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England; died on 10 May 1554 in Howard Chapel, Lambeth, Surrey, England; was buried on 21 May 1554 in Howard Chapel, Lambeth, Surrey, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Bridgewater
• FSID: 9SLR-JRR

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Order of the Bath
• Appointments / Titles: Sir
• FSID: MYV1-KBG
• Name: Griffith ap Rhys

Notes:

LifeSketch

In the reign of Richard III his father's loyalty was questioned to the house of York as support grew for Henry of Richmond (later Henry VII of England). Around the time of Richard's usurpation and Buckingham's rebellion in 1483, as a way of keeping Rhys ap Thomas's loyalty, Richard demanded an oath of allegiance from Gruffydd's father as well as demanding that his young son Gruffydd be in his own custody. Rhys assured Richard of his loyalty but refused to hand over young Gruffydd, who was only four or five at the time.

When Gruffydd was older he became a member of Prince Arthur's household. Henry VII of England aimed to have his son friends with influential young men with powerful fathers in Henry's kingdom, and Gruffydd's father was one of the most powerful men in Wales after the death of Jasper Tudor in 1495, and he was chosen to serve the young Prince. Gruffydd and Prince Arthur seem to have been quite close; in 1501 Gruffydd was made a Knight of the Garter, and was with Arthur when he returned to Ludlow with his new young bride Catherine of Aragon in December 1501; and was there for Arthur's death in April 1502.

On the death of Prince Arthur in 1502, Gruffydd ap Rhys was a prominent mourner. He accompanied the Prince's body from Ludlow to its final resting place in Worcester. The following contemporary record gives an account of Gruffydd as he travelled with the "rich chariot" which carried Prince Arthur's body: "in mourning habit, rode next before the leading horse on a courser trapped with black, bearing the Prince's banner." During the funeral service for the Prince in Worcester Cathedral, he once again carried Arthur's "rich embroidered banner."

Sir Gruffydd ap Rhys's tomb.
Gruffydd was present with Arthur's younger brother Henry VIII of England when Henry travelled to France for the famous Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. He married Catherine St John, daughter of John St John who was related to Margaret Beaufort around 1507 and had one son: Rhys ap Griffith (1508–1531), who was later executed by Henry VIII for treason.

Gruffydd ap Rhys himself died prematurely in 1521. He died prior to the divorce of Catherine of Aragon, and unlike other members of Arthur's household never had to make statements about the consummation of his marriage with Catherine. His son and heir Rhys ap Gruffydd was less lucky. He was considered a threat to Henry's power and was executed for treason on charges widely believed to be false in 1531.

Gruffydd's tomb is also in Worcester Cathedral.

Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The coat of arms of Rhys's family
Sir Gruffydd ap Rhys (c. 1478–1521) (also known as Griffith Ryce in some antiquarian English sources) was a Welsh nobleman. He was the son of Sir Rhys ap Thomas, the de facto ruler of most of south-west Wales who aided Henry Tudor in his victory on Bosworth Field in 1485 and Efa ap Henry.

In the reign of Richard III his father's loyalty was questioned to the house of York as support grew for Henry of Richmond (later Henry VII of England). Around the time of Richard's usurpation and Buckingham's rebellion in 1483, as a way of keeping Rhys ap Thomas's loyalty, Richard demanded an oath of allegiance from Gruffydd's father as well as demanding that his young son Gruffydd be in his own custody. Rhys assured Richard of his loyalty but refused to hand over young Gruffydd, who was only four or five at the time.

When Gruffydd was older he became a member of Prince Arthur's household. Henry VII of England aimed to have his son friends with influential young men with powerful fathers in Henry's kingdom, and Gruffydd's father was one of the most powerful men in Wales after the death of Jasper Tudor in 1495, and he was chosen to serve the young Prince. Gruffydd and Prince Arthur seem to have been quite close; in 1501 Gruffydd was made a Knight of the Garter, and was with Arthur when he returned to Ludlow with his new young bride Catherine of Aragon in December 1501; and was there for Arthur's death in April 1502.

Death of the Prince

On the death of Prince Arthur in 1502, Gruffydd ap Rhys was a prominent mourner. He accompanied the Prince's body from Ludlow to its final resting place in Worcester. The following contemporary record gives an account of Gruffydd as he travelled with the "rich chariot" which carried Prince Arthur's body: "in mourning habit, rode next before the leading horse on a courser trapped with black, bearing the Prince's banner." During the funeral service for the Prince in Worcester Cathedral, he once again carried Arthur's "rich embroidered banner."

Later life

Sir Gruffydd ap Rhys's tomb.
Gruffydd was present with Arthur's younger brother Henry VIII of England when Henry travelled to France for the famous Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. He married Catherine St John, daughter of John St John who was related to Margaret Beaufort around 1507 and had one son: Rhys ap Griffith (1508–1531), who was later executed by Henry VIII for treason.

Gruffydd ap Rhys himself died prematurely in 1521. He died prior to the divorce of Catherine of Aragon, and unlike other members of Arthur's household never had to make statements about the consummation of his marriage with Catherine. His son and heir Rhys ap Gruffydd was less lucky. He was considered a threat to Henry's power and was executed for treason on charges widely believed to be false in 1531.

Gruffydd's tomb is also in Worcester Cathedral.

References

Ralph A. Griffiths, Sir Rhys ap Thomas and his family (University of Wales Press, 1993), p. 39 et. seq..
Chrimes, S B Henry VII, pg. 43
"The Shuttle - Royal link with lonely tomb". Retrieved 2007-01-27.
Steven Gunn and Linda Monckton, ed, Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, Boydell 2009 ISBN 978-1-84383-480-9
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gruffydd_ap_Rhys_ap_Thomas&oldid=752343953"
Categories: 1521 deathsHistory of WalesWelsh knights16th-century Welsh peoplePeople of the Tudor period
This page was last edited on 30 November 2016, at 19:12.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

From The Thomas Book:

GRIFFITH AP RHYS, the only son of Sir Rhys ap Thomas by his first wife Eva, of Court Henry, b. 1478, was once nominated as a candidate for the Garter, but failed to secure an election. When Henry VII. revived the Order of the Bath, November 17, 1501, on the marriage of his son, Prince Arthur, to Katherine of Aragon, Griffith ap Rhys was created a knight of that ancient order. He was a favourite companion of the Prince, and as such gave some curious testimony at the proceedings in reference to the divorce of Queen Katherine. In April, 1502, at the funeral of Prince Arthur, a contemporary account (printed in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory, ii., 327—330) says " Sir Griffith Vap Sr. Ris rode before the corpse in mornyng Abitt on a courser trapped with black, bearing banner of Prince's arms." And at the interment in Worcester Cathedral, April 27th, " Sir Griffith Vap Rise Thomas offered at the Gospel the rich embroidered banner of my Lord's Armes." The standard of Sir Griffith ap Rhys, K.B., was: per fess murrey and blue; device repeated twice, a trefoil slipped and barbed ar. charged with a raven ppr. Motto, Psalm cxlvii. 9, "Puluis (sic.) corvorum invocantibus cum."

At his father's tournament at Carevv, 1507, he was one of the principal challengers. He was Mayor of Caermarthen, 1504-5-11-13. The Rutland list of those at the Field of the Cloth of Gold notes Sir Griffith Rice, with two other knights, as in command of a body of one hundred light horsemen "for scurrers." Lady Rice was also in attendance on the Queen. He m. about 1504, Katherine, dau. of Sir John St. John, and aunt of the first Lord St. John of Bletshoe, from whom descended Pope's friend, Lord Boling . . . broke. After Sir Griffith's death she in. Sir Piers Edgecombe, ancestor of the present Earl of Mount Edgecombe. She made her will at Cothele, in Cornwall, December 4, 1553, d. that month and is buried with her first husband in Worcester Cathedral.1 Sir Griffith ap Rhys d. September 29, 15 21. Issue:

i. RICE, his heir (of whom presently).

ii AGNES, m. 1st, WILLIAM, 6th LORD STOURTON, and 2d, SIR EDWARD BAYNTON, KNT., of Rowden, in Hertfordshire. She ii. August 19, 1574, and is bit. with her 2d husband in Bromham
Church, Wilts.8 Their quaint epitaph runs thus:
1 Notices of Sir Griffith ap Rhys wilt be found in Calendar of State Papers, reign of Henry VIII., vol. ii., //. 69, 193, 215, 1489, etc. A view of the tomb of Sir Griffith ap Rhys may be seen in Thomas's Worcester, opposite /. 71, which quotes the inscription; and also in Wild's Worcester, plate viii., and Dingley, ii., plate cclxxxv. * Dinglcy's History from Marble, part i., plate xxxiii., gives drawings and epitaph from the tomb.
Here lieth Syr Edwarde Baynton Knyght within this marble clad.
By Agnes Ryce his firste trew wyfe Yt thyrtyne chyldrene had
Whearof she left alyve withe him at hir departure thre
Henecy, Anne and Elyzabeth whose pictures here you see.
The XIX daye of Auguste she decesed of Christe the yere
These little figures standing bie present ye number here. 1574.

iii. MARY, m. SIR JOHN LUTTERELL, KNT., before 1553, when she is mentioned as his wife in her mother's will.

iv. ELIZABETH, the only sister of RICE AP GRIFFITH named in his grandfather's will.

Gruffydd married St John, Catherine in 1504 in England. Catherine (daughter of St John, John and verch Morgan, Sybil) was born in 1478 in Bletsoe, Bedfordshire, England; died on 22 Dec 1553 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LRKJ-S8N
• Name: Catherine St John
• Name: Katherine de St. John
• Name: Katherine de St. John
• Name: Katherine de St. John
• Birth: Between 10 Jan 1478 and 9 Jan 1479, Wherstead, Suffolk, England
• Will: 22 Dec 1553
• Will: 22 Dec 1553

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 2nd Duke of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: Earl of Marshall
• Appointments / Titles: Sheriff of Norfolk & Surrey
• FSID: LCC6-7J3
• Occupation: Peerage of England
• Religion: Catholic
• Military: Between 1469 and 1470; Sided with King Edward IV
• Military: 14 Apr 1471; Battle of Barnet
• Appointments / Titles: 4 Jan 1478, England; Knight of the Order of the Bath
• Appointments / Titles: 14 Jan 1478; Knighted
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1483 and 1485, England; Privy Counselor
• Appointments / Titles: 1483, England; 1st Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1483 and 1485; Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1489 and 1514; Earl of Surrey
• Appointments / Titles: 1491, England; Order of the Garter
• Appointments / Titles: 1501; Knight of the Garter
• Appointments / Titles: 1 Feb 1514, England; 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Notes:

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Howard
The Duke of Norfolk
Spouse(s) Elizabeth Tilney
Agnes Tilney
Issue Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Sir Edward Howard
Lord Edmund Howard
Elizabeth Howard
Muriel Howard
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Lord Thomas Howard
Richard Howard
Dorothy Howard
Anne Howard
Katherine Howard
Elizabeth Howard
Noble family House of Howard
Father John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Mother Katherine Moleyns
Born 1443
Died 21 May 1524

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk KG PC (1443 – 21 May 1524), styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1485 and again from 1489 to 1514, was an English nobleman and politician. He was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine Moleyns. The Duke was the grandfather of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and the great grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. He served four monarchs as a soldier and statesman.

Early life
Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, was born in 1443 at Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, the only surviving son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine, the daughter of William Moleyns (d. 8 June 1425) and his wife Margery. He was educated at Thetford Grammar School.

Service under Edward IV
While a youth he entered the service of King Edward IV as a henchman. Howard took the King's side when war broke out in 1469 with the Earl of Warwick, and took sanctuary at Colchester when the King fled to Holland in 1470. Howard rejoined the royal forces at Edward's return to England in 1471, and was severely wounded at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471. He was appointed an esquire of the body in 1473. On 14 January 1478 he was knighted by Edward IV at the marriage of the King's second son, the young Duke of York, and Lady Anne Mowbray (d.1483).

Service under Richard III
After the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483, Thomas Howard and his father John supported Richard III's usurpation of the throne. Thomas bore the Sword of State at Richard's coronation, and served as steward at the coronation banquet. Both Thomas and his father were granted lands by the new King, and Thomas was also granted an annuity of £1000. On 28 June 1483, John Howard was created Duke of Norfolk, while Thomas was created Earl of Surrey. Surrey was also sworn of the Privy Council and invested with the Order of the Garter. In the autumn of that year Norfolk and Surrey suppressed a rebellion against the King by the Duke of Buckingham. Both Howards remained close to King Richard throughout his two-year reign, and fought for him at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, where Surrey was wounded and taken prisoner, and his father killed. Surrey was attainted in the first Parliament of the new King, Henry VII, stripped of his lands, and committed to the Tower of London, where he spent the next three years.

Service under Henry VII
Howard was offered an opportunity to escape during the rebellion of the Earl of Lincoln in 1487, but refused, perhaps thereby convincing Henry VII of his loyalty. In May 1489 Henry restored him to the earldom of Surrey, although most of his lands were withheld, and sent him to quell a rebellion in Yorkshire. Surrey remained in the north as the King's lieutenant until 1499. In 1499 he was recalled to court, and accompanied the King on a state visit to France in the following year. In 1501 he was again appointed a member of the Council, and on 16 June of that year was made Lord High Treasurer. Surrey, Bishop Richard Foxe, the Lord Privy Seal, and Archbishop William Warham, the Lord Chancellor, became the King's 'executive triumvirate'. He was entrusted with a number of diplomatic missions. In 1501 he was involved in the negotiations for Catherine of Aragon's marriage to Arthur, Prince of Wales, and in 1503 conducted Margaret Tudor to Scotland for her wedding to King James IV.

Service under Henry VIII
Surrey was an executor of the will of King Henry VII when the King died on 21 April 1509, and played a prominent role in the coronation of King Henry VIII, in which he served as Earl Marshal. He challenged Thomas Wolsey in an effort to become the new King's first minister, but eventually accepted Wolsey's supremacy. Surrey expected to lead the 1513 expedition to France, but was left behind when the King departed for Calais on 30 June 1513. Shortly thereafter James IV launched an invasion, and Surrey, with the aid of other noblemen and his sons Thomas and Edmund, crushed James's much larger force near Branxton, Northumberland, on 9 September 1513 at the Battle of Flodden. The Scots may have lost as many as 10,000 men, and King James was killed. The victory at Flodden brought Surrey great popular renown and royal rewards. On 1 February 1514 he was created Duke of Norfolk, and his son Thomas was made Earl of Surrey. Both were granted lands and annuities, and the Howard arms were augmented in honour of Flodden with an escutcheon bearing the lion of Scotland pierced through the mouth with an arrow.

Final years
In the final decade of his life, Norfolk continued his career as a courtier, diplomat and soldier. In 1514 he joined Wolsey and Foxe in negotiating the marriage of Mary Tudor to King Louis XII of France, and escorted her to France for the wedding. On 1 May 1517 he led a private army of 1300 retainers into London to suppress the Evil May Day riots. In May 1521 he presided as Lord High Steward over the trial of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. According to Head, 'he pronounced the sentence of death with tears streaming down his face'.

By the spring of 1522, Norfolk was almost 80 years of age and in failing health. He withdrew from court, resigned as Lord Treasurer in favour of his son in December of that year, and after attending the opening of Parliament in April 1523, retired to his ducal castle at Framlingham in Suffolk where he died on 21 May 1524. His funeral and burial on 22 June at Thetford Priory were said to have been 'spectacular and enormously expensive, costing over £1300 and including a procession of 400 hooded men bearing torches and an elaborate bier surmounted with 100 wax effigies and 700 candles', befitting the richest and most powerful peer in England. After the dissolution of Thetford Priory, the Howard tombs were moved to the Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham. A now-lost monumental brass depicting the 2nd Duke was formerly in the Church of St. Mary at Lambeth.

Marriages and issue
On 30 April 1472 Howard married Elizabeth Tilney, the daughter of Sir Frederick Tilney of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, and widow of Sir Humphrey Bourchier, slain at Barnet, son and heir apparent of Sir John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners. They had issue:
1) Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
2) Sir Edward Howard
3) Lord Edmund Howard, father of Henry VIII's fifth Queen, Catherine Howard
4) Sir John Howard
5) Henry Howard
6) Charles Howard
7) Henry Howard (the younger)
8) Richard Howard
9) Elizabeth Howard, married Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and was mother of Queen Anne Boleyn, and grandmother of Queen Elizabeth.
10) Muriel Howard (d.1512), married firstly John Grey, Viscount Lisle (d.1504), and secondly Sir Thomas Knyvet

Norfolk's first wife died on 4 April 1497, and on 8 November 1497 he married, by dispensation dated 17 August 1497, her cousin, Agnes Tilney, the daughter of Hugh Tilney of Skirbeck and Boston, Lincolnshire and Eleanor, a daughter of Walter Tailboys. They had issue:

William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Lord Thomas Howard (1511–1537)
Richard Howard (d.1517)
Dorothy Howard, married Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby
Anne Howard, married John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford
Catherine Howard, married firstly, Rhys ap Gruffydd. Married secondly, Henry Daubeney, 1st Earl of Bridgewater.
Elizabeth Howard (d. 1536), married Henry Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex.

Footnotes
Richardson 2004, pp. 236, 504; Cokayne 1936, pp. 41, 612
Richardson 2004, p. 236
Head 2008.
Head 2008; Cokayne 1936
Richardson 2004, pp. 141, 236; Cokayne 1912, pp. 153–154
Richardson 2004, p. 236; Loades 2008
Richardson 2004, p. 236;Warnicke 2008
Richardson 2004, p. 236; Hughes 2007
Richardson 2004, p. 236; Gunn 2008.
Richardson 2004, p. 237
Richardson 2004, p. 237; Riordan 2004
Weir 1991, p. 619
Richardson 2004, p. 237; Cokayne 1916, pp. 209–211
Richardson 2004, p. 237; Cokayne 1945, pp. 244–245
Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 267-74.
Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 523-5.
Alleged daughter of Henry de Beaumont, 3rd Lord and Margaret de Vere [Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition. 2011. pg 523.]

References
Cokayne, George Edward (1912). The Complete Peerage edited by the Honourable Vicary Gibbs. II. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1916). The Complete Peerage edited by the Honourable Vicary Gibbs. IV. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1945). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. X. London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1953). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XII, Part I. London: St. Catherine Press.
Davies, Catherine (2008). Howard (née Tilney), Agnes, duchess of Norfolk (b. in or before 1477, d. 1545), noblewoman. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Gunn, S.J. (2008). Knyvet, Sir Thomas (c.1485–1512), courtier and sea captain. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Head, David M. (2008). Howard, Thomas, second duke of Norfolk (1443–1524), magnate and soldier. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Hughes, Jonathan (2007). Boleyn, Thomas, earl of Wiltshire and earl of Ormond (1476/7–1539), courtier and nobleman. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Knafla, Louis A. (2008). Stanley, Edward, third earl of Derby (1509–1572), magnate. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Loades, David (2008). Howard, Sir Edward (1476/7–1513), naval commander. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
McDermott, James (2008). Howard, William, first Baron Howard of Effingham (c.1510–1573), naval commander. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Richardson, Douglas (2004). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company Inc. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
Riordan, Michael (2004). Howard, Lord Thomas (c.1512–1537), courtier. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
Ridgard, John (1985). Medieval Framlingham. 27. Woodbridge: Suffolk Record Society.
Warnicke, Retha M. (2008). Katherine (Catherine; nee Katherine Howard) (1518x24-1542), queen of England and Ireland, fifth consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Weir, Alison (1991). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.

Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Mandell, Creighton (1891). "Howard, Thomas II (1473-1554)". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 64–67.

Further reading
Harris, Barbara. "Marriage Sixteenth-Century Style: Elizabeth Stafford and the Third Duke of Norfolk," Journal of Social History, Spring 1982, Vol. 15 Issue 3;
Head, David M. Ebbs & Flows of Fortune: The Life of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk (1995), 360pp; the standard scholarly biography

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_2nd_Duke_of_Norfolk&oldid=773159314"
Categories: Dukes of NorfolkBarons MowbrayBarons SegraveHoward family (English aristocracy)Earls of SurreyPeople of the Wars of the RosesLord High StewardsLord High Treasurers of EnglandEarls MarshalKnights of the GarterPeople educated at Ipswich School1443 births1524 deathsMale Shakespearean charactersPeople of the Tudor periodPrisoners in the Tower of LondonPeople educated at Thetford Grammar School16th-century English politicians
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Thomas Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk, (born 1443—died May 21, 1524, Framlingham, Suffolk, Eng.), noble prominent during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII of England.

Son of the 1st Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Howard early shared his father’s fortunes; he fought at Barnet for Edward IV and was made steward of the royal household and created Earl of Surrey in 1483 (at the same time that his father was created duke). Taken prisoner at Bosworth Field while fighting for Richard III, he was attainted and remained in captivity until January 1489, when he was released and restored to his earldom of Surrey but not to the dukedom of Norfolk. He was then entrusted with the maintenance of order in Yorkshire and with the defense of the Scottish borders; he was made lord treasurer and a privy councillor in 1501, and he helped to arrange the marriage between Margaret, the daughter of Henry VII, and James IV of Scotland. Henry VIII, too, employed him on public business, but the earl grew jealous of Thomas Wolsey, and for a short time he absented himself from court. He commanded the army that defeated the Scots at Flodden in September 1513, and he was created Duke of Norfolk in February of the following year, with precedency as of the creation of 1483.

In his later years Norfolk worked more harmoniously with Wolsey. He was guardian of England during Henry’s absence in France in 1520, and he acted as lord high steward at the trial of his friend Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, in 1521.

Thomas married Tilney, Lady Elizabeth Agnes on 8 Nov 1497 in England. Elizabeth (daughter of Tilney, Henry and Tailboys, Eleanor) was born in 1477 in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England; died in May 1545 in London, London, England; was buried on 31 May 1545 in Thetford Abbey, Thetford, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Norfolk
• FSID: 9SLR-JRF
• Appointments / Titles: 17 Aug 1497; Countess of Surrey
• Burial: 31 Oct 1545, St Marys at Lambreth Chuch, Lambeth, Surrey, England; This was a re-interrment

Notes:

Agnes Tilney Duchess of Norfolk

Spouse(s) Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Issue
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Lord Thomas Howard
Richard Howard
Dorothy Howard
Anne Howard
Katherine Howard
Elizabeth Howard

Noble family House of Howard

Father Hugh Tilney
Mother Eleanor, daughter of Walter Tailboys
Born c.1477
Died May 1545
Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Agnes Howard (née Tilney) (c. 1477 – May 1545) was the second wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Two of King Henry VIII's Queens were her step-granddaughters, Anne Boleyn, and Catherine Howard. After her mother's death, Catherine Howard was in the Dowager Duchess's care during her youth, and as a result of the Duchess's lax guardianship, committed sexual indiscretions while in the Duchess's household which led to her execution as Queen. Agnes' brother, Sir Philip Tilney of Shelley (d.1533), was the paternal grandfather of Edmund Tilney (1535/6–1610), Master of the Revels to Queen Elizabeth and King James. Edmund Tilney's mother, Malyn, was implicated in the scandal surrounding Queen Catherine's downfall.

Marriage
Agnes Tilney, born around 1477, was the daughter of Hugh Tilney of Skirbeck and Boston, Lincolnshire by Eleanor, daughter of Walter Tailboys and Alice Stafford Cheyney.[1][2] Her brother, Sir Philip Tilney of Shelley (d.1533), was in the service of Thomas Howard, then Earl of Surrey, the husband of Agnes' cousin, Elizabeth Tilney. Surrey's first wife died on 4 April 1497, and he and Agnes were married four months later by dispensation dated 17 August 1497.[1] Agnes brought Surrey little by way of dowry.[3]

The marriage coincided with a change in Surrey's fortunes. As a supporter of Richard III, for whom he fought at Bosworth in 1485, Surrey was not in high favour during the early years of the reign of Henry VII. However, in 1499 he was recalled to court, and in the following year he accompanied the King on a state visit to France. In 1501 he was sworn of the Privy Council, and on 16 June of that year was named Lord Treasurer. In the same year he was involved in successful diplomatic negotiations with King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella for a marriage between the Spanish Infanta, Catherine of Aragon, and Henry VII's eldest son Arthur, Prince of Wales. When Prince Arthur died on 2 April 1502, Surrey supervised the funeral. In 1503 he escorted the King'sdaughter, Margaret Tudor, to Scotland for her wedding to King James IV.[4]

On 21 April 1509 Henry VII died. Surrey was an executor of the late King's will, and served as Earl Marshal at the coronation of Henry VIII. When a Scottish army invaded after Henry VIII had departed for Calais on 30 June 1513, Surrey crushed the Scottish forces at Flodden on 9 September. The victory brought Surrey popular renown and royal rewards. On 1 February 1514 he was created Duke of Norfolk, and his son Thomas was made Earl of Surrey. Both were granted lands and annuities, and the Howard arms were augmented in honour of Flodden.[4]

Norfolk's leading position among the nobility was reflected in the Duchess's role at court. She was godmother to Princess Mary, and attended the Princess during a visit to France in 1520.[3] By the spring of 1522 Norfolk was almost 80 years of age and in failing health. He retired to his ducal castle at Framlingham in Suffolk where he died on 21 May 1524. His funeral and burial on 22 June at Thetford Priory were said to have been 'spectacular and enormously expensive', befitting the richest and most powerful peer in England.[5]

Dowager Duchess
The Dowager Duchess remained in favour after her husband's death. Ordinances issued at Eltham in 1526 indicate that she was accorded first place in the Queen's household after the King's sister Mary Tudor.[3] On 23 May 1533 Archbishop Thomas Cranmer declared Henry VIII's marriage to his first Queen, Katherine of Aragon, a nullity.[6] On or about 25 January 1533 the King had already married the Dowager Duchess's step granddaughter Anne Boleyn in a secret ceremony.[7] Anne was crowned Queen on 1 June 1533.[7] The Dowager Duchess bore Anne's train in the coronation procession, and was godmother at the christening of Anne's daughter, Princess Elizabeth.[3] Anne's two subsequent miscarriages caused the King misgivings about the marriage, but Anne's downfall ultimately came about as a result of her conflict with the King's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, over the distribution of the spoils from the dissolution of the monasteries. Anne was charged with adultery and high treason, and on 19 May 1536 was beheaded at Tower Green.[7] The King then took Jane Seymour as his third wife. Two years after her death, at Cromwell's instigation the King wed Anne of Cleves on 6 January 1540. However the King's physical revulsion for his new bride[8] led to a speedy annulment of the marriage by Act of Parliament on 12 July 1540.[9] By then Catherine Howard,[10] another of the Dowager Duchess's step-granddaughters, had already caught the King's eye. Henry and Catherine were married at a private ceremony at Oatlands on 28 July 1540.[11] Despite the fact that Henry was much in love with her,[12] referring to her as his "rose without a thorn",[12] the marriage quickly came to a disastrous end. While the King and Queen were on progress during the fall of 1541, the religious reformer John Lassells and his sister Mary Hall told Archbishop Cranmer of the Queen's sexual indiscretions with her music master, Henry Manox, and a Howard kinsman, Francis Dereham, while she had been a young girl living in the Dowager Duchess's household at Lambeth.[13]

On 1 November 1541 Cranmer revealed these matters in a letter to the King. The King immediately ordered that the Queen be confined to her apartments, and never saw her again.[14] The Dowager Duchess, hearing reports of what had happened while Catherine had been under her lax guardianship, reasoned that 'If there be none offence sithence the marriage, she cannot die for that was done before'.[15] Unfortunately for the Queen and the Dowager Duchess, further investigations by Cranmer and the Council revealed that with the connivance of one of her attendants, Lady Rochford, Catherine had allegedly had an affair with Thomas Culpeper, one of the King's favourite gentlemen of the privy chamber, after her marriage to the King.[16]

Dereham, Manox, and other members of the Dowager Duchess's household were arrested and interrogated by the Council.[17] Her stepson, the Duke of Norfolk, was sent to search her house at Lambeth and question members of the household. They revealed that the Duchess had attempted to destroy evidence by burning the papers of Dereham and his friend William Damport. The Duchess was sent to the Tower. Towards the end of November she was questioned by the Council, but could add little to what was already known by her interrogators.[18] On 1 December Dereham and Culpeper were arraigned on charges of treason. Both were convicted at trial, and sentenced to death. Dereham and his friend William Damport were tortured in an attempt to wring confessions from them concerning Queen Catherine's alleged adultery, and on 10 December 1541 Dereham and Culpeper were executed at Tyburn. On the same day the Dowager Duchess was again questioned, and admitted to having promoted her niece as a prospective bride for the King while having knowledge of her prior misconduct, to having persuaded the Queen to take Dereham into her service, and to having burned Dereham's letters.

By mid-December the Dowager Duchess's eldest son, William Howard, his wife, and the Duchess's daughter Anne Howard were committed to the Tower. About the same time another of the Duchess's daughters, Katherine Daubeney, Lady Bridgewater was also arrested. On 14 December 1541, Norfolk, fearful for his own safety, denounced his stepmother and kin in a letter to the King. On 22 December William Howard and his wife, and a number of servants who had been witnesses to the Queen's misconduct, including Malyn Tilney[19] (mother of Edmund Tilney, future Master of the Revels to Queen Elizabeth), were arraigned for misprision of treason 'for concealing the evil demeanour of the Queen, to the slander of the King and his succession'. All were sentenced to life imprisonment and loss of goods, although most were pardoned after Queen Catherine's execution. The Dowager Duchess, although included in the indictment, was not brought to trial as she was 'old and testy', and 'may die out of perversity to defraud the King's Highness of the confiscation of her goods', but like the others she was sentenced to imprisonment and forfeiture of lands and goods.

On 6 February 1542 a bill of attainder against Queen Catherine and Lady Rochford received final reading, and on 13 February 1542 the Queen and Lady Rochford were beheaded on Tower Green. The King was of the view that there was as much reason to convict the Dowager Duchess of treason as there had been to convict Dereham. However the Council urged leniency, and she was eventually released from the Tower on 5 May 1542. Her stepson, the Duke of Norfolk, escaped punishment, but was never fully trusted again by the King.[20]

Death
The Dowager Duchess died in May 1545, and was buried at Thetford Priory on the 31st of that month. On 31 October, as directed in her will, she was re-interred at Lambeth Church in Surrey.[3]

Issue
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Lord Thomas Howard (1511–1537)[21]
Richard Howard (d.1517)[22]
Dorothy Howard, married Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby[23]
Anne Howard, married John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford[22]
Katherine Howard (d.1554), married firstly Rhys ap Gruffydd, and secondly Henry Daubeney, 1st Earl of
Bridgewater (d.1548).[24]
Elizabeth Howard (d. 1536), married Henry Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex.[22]

Footnotes
1. Richardson 2004, p. 237
2. "Cracroft's Peerage." (http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/Kyme1295.htm.)
3. Davies 2008
4. Head 2008.
5. Head 2008; Cokayne 1936
6. Davies January 2008
References
Boas, Frederick Samuel (1970). Queen Elizabeth in Drama and Related Studies. Freeport, New York:
Books For Libraries Press. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
Cokayne, George Edward (1916). The Complete Peerage, edited by the Honourable Vicary Gibbs. IV.
London: St. Catherine Press.
Cokayne, George Edward (1945). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. X. London: St.
Catherine Press.
Davies, Catherine (2008). Howard [née Tilney], Agnes, duchess of Norfolk (b. in or before 1477, d.
1545), noblewoman. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Davies, C.S.L. and John Edwards (January 2008). Katherine [Catalina, Catherine, Katherine of Aragon]
(1485–1536), queen of England, first consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Dutton, Richard (2008). Tilney, Edmund (1535/6–1610), courtier. Oxford Dictionary of National
Biography.
Head, David M. (2008). Howard, Thomas, second duke of Norfolk (1443–1524), magnate and soldier.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Ives, E.W. (2004). Anne [Anne Boleyn] (c.1500–1536), queen of England, second consort of Henry VIII.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Knafla, Louis A. (2008). Stanley, Edward, third earl of Derby (1509–1572), magnate. Oxford Dictionary
of National Biography.
Loades, David (2008). Howard, Sir Edward (1476/7–1513), naval commander. Oxford Dictionary of
National Biography.
Richardson, Douglas (2004). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed.
Kimball G. Everingham. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc.
Riordan, Michael (2004). Howard, Lord Thomas (c.1512–1537), courtier. Oxford Dictionary of National
Biography.
Warnicke, Retha M. (2008). Katherine [Catherine; nee Katherine Howard] (1518x24-1542), queen of
England and Ireland, fifth consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Weir, Alison (1991). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Agnes_Howard,_Duchess_of_Norfolk&oldid=776525130"
Categories: Women of the Tudor period Duchesses of Norfolk 1470s births 1545 deaths
16th-century women 16th-century English nobility 15th-century women 15th-century English people
English duchesses by marriage
7. Ives 2004.
8. Weir 1991, pp. 396–398
9. Weir 1991, p. 424
10. Weir 1991, pp. 413–414
11. Weir 1991, pp. 419, 428
12. Weir 1991, pp. 435–436
13. Weir 1991, p. 468
14. Weir 1991, pp. 444–448
15. Weir 1991, p. 449
16. Weir 1991, pp. 450–455, 460–465
17. Weir 1991, pp. 452, 459–465
18. Weir 1991, pp. 467–468
19. Dutton 2008; Boas 1970, pp. 40–41
20. Weir 1991, pp. 469–482
21. Riordan 2004
22. Weir 1991.
23. Weir 1991; Knafla 2008
24. Weir 1991; Cokayne 1916, p. 105
This page was last edited on 21 April 2017, at 15:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may
apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered
trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Knight of The Garter
• Life Event: Chamberlain of Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire
• Life Event: Constable and Lieutenant of Breconshire
• Life Event: Governor of all Wales
• Life Event: Justiciar of South Wales
• Life Event: Seneschall and Chancellor of Haverfordwest, Rouse and Builth
• FSID: L5X3-3PY
• Occupation: Knight
• Occupation: Privy Councillor

Notes:

Rhys ap Thomas
From LifeSketch

Rhys was the youngest legitimate son of Thomas ap Gruffydd ap Nicolas of Llandeilo in Carmarthenshire, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Gruffydd of Abermarlais, also in Carmarthenshire.

In 1460, after decades of increasing unrest among the nobility and armed clashes, the supporters of Richard, Duke of York challenged the right of King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster to rule England. Most Welsh landholders claimed their titles through grants made by Henry's father and grandfather for loyalty to the English crown during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr. They therefore generally supported Henry, rather than the rival Yorkist claimants to the throne.

In 1461, when Rhys ap Thomas was twelve or thirteen, a Lancastrian army raised in Wales under Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, moved into England but was defeated at the Battle of Mortimer's Cross by Edward, Earl of March (the eldest son of Richard of York who had been killed a few weeks before). Rhys's grandfather Gruffydd ap Nicholas was killed in the battle. Within a few weeks, Edward had been proclaimed King Edward IV, and the main Lancastrian armies were crushed at the Battle of Towton in Yorkshire.

Some Lancastrians, including Rhys's father Thomas, continued to resist in Wales. Thomas and his brother Owain defended Carreg Cennen Castle near Llandeilo. They were forced to surrender in 1462 after a siege. The victorious Yorkists demolished the castle to prevent it being used as a Lancastrian stronghold again. The lands of the defeated Lancastrians were confiscated, and Thomas, with the young Rhys, went into exile at the court of Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy.

Thomas and Rhys returned to Wales in 1467, and reacquired at least some of their former lands. This was during a period which included the Readeption of Henry VI, when many former Lancastrians regained their lands, and contrived to keep them even after the subsequent victory of Edward IV in 1471.

Thomas died in 1474. Rhys's two elder brothers had already died, and Rhys inherited his father's estates.

Reign of Richard III
In 1483, Edward IV died. His son, Edward V was still a minor. Edward's surviving brother Richard of Gloucester and the Duke of Buckingham moved to prevent the unpopular relatives of Elizabeth Woodville, Edward's Queen, from sharing in power or even dominating the government during the young King's minority. However, Richard went further, declaring Edward's children illegitimate and seizing the throne himself. The young Edward V and his younger brother (the Princes in the Tower) disappeared and were probably murdered. Buckingham turned against Richard and led a revolt aimed at restoring the House of Lancaster, in the person of the exiled Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, to the throne. The revolt failed. Buckingham himself had raised a force at Brecon in mid-Wales, but storms and floods prevented him crossing the River Severn to join other rebels in England, and his starving soldiers deserted. He was soon betrayed and executed. The same storms prevented Henry from landing in the West Country.

Rhys had declined to support Buckingham's uprising. In the aftermath, when Richard appointed officers to replace those who had joined the revolt, he made Rhys ap Thomas his principal lieutenant in south west Wales and granted him an annuity for life of 40 marks. Rhys was required to send his son Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas to the King's court at Nottingham as a hostage, but he excused himself from this obligation by claiming that nothing could bind him to his duty more strongly than his conscience. He is supposed to have taken an oath that

Whoever ill-affected to the state, shall dare to land in those parts of Wales where I have any employment under your majesty, must resolve with himself to make his entrance and irruption over my belly.

Nevertheless, he is presumed to have carried on some correspondence with Henry Tudor, who was preparing another attempt in France to overthrow Richard.

Bosworth campaign
Main article: Battle of Bosworth
On 1 August 1485, Henry set sail from Harfleur in France. With fair winds, he landed at Mill Bay near Dale on the north side of Milford Haven, close to his birthplace in Pembroke Castle, with a force of English exiles and French mercenaries. At this point, Rhys should have engaged him. However, Rhys instead joined Henry. Folklore has it that the Bishop of St. David's offered to absolve him from his previous oath to Richard. The Bishop also suggested that Rhys fulfil the strict letter of his vow by lying down and letting Henry step over him. This undignified procedure might have weakened Rhys's authority over his men, so instead, Rhys is said to have stood under the Mullock Bridge about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Dale while Henry marched over it.

Henry's and Rhys's forces marched separately through Wales, with Rhys recruiting 500 men as he proceeded. They rejoined at Welshpool before crossing into England. Rhys's Welsh force was described as being large enough to have "annihilated" the rest of Henry's army. On 22 August, they met Richard's army near Market Bosworth. In the resulting Battle of Bosworth, Richard launched an attack led by John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk. According to a contemporary ballad, Rhys's men halted the assault. "Norfolk's line began to break under pressure from Rhys ap Thomas's men" and the Duke was killed by an arrow shot. Hoping to turn the tide and win the battle rapidly by killing his rival, Richard and his companion knights charged directly at Henry. The king was unhorsed and surrounded. The poet Guto'r Glyn implies that Rhys himself was responsible for killing Richard, possibly with a poll axe. Referring to Richard's emblem of a boar, the poet writes that Rhys "killed the boar, shaved his head" ("Lladd y baedd, eilliodd ei ben"). However, this may only mean that one of Rhys's Welsh halberdiers killed the king, since the Burgundian chronicler Jean Molinet, says that a Welshman, one of Rhys' men suspected to be Wyllyam Gardynyr, struck the death-blow with a halberd. Guto'r Glyn himself says that Rhys was "like the stars of a shield with the spear in their midst on a great steed" ("A Syr Rys mal sŷr aesaw, Â’r gwayw’n eu mysg ar gnyw mawr"). He was knighted on the field of battle.

Later life
Rhys demonstrated his continuing loyalty to Henry by suppressing a Yorkist rebellion at Brecon in 1486, and taking part in the campaign against the pretender Lambert Simnel in 1487 and the subsequent campaigns against Perkin Warbeck. He played a part in the defeat of the Cornish Rebellion of 1497, capturing the rebel leader Lord Audeley, for which he was awarded the honour of Knight Banneret.

As reward for his loyalty to Henry, he acquired many lands and lucrative offices in South Wales. He was appointed Constable and Lieutenant of Breconshire, Chamberlain of Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire, Seneschall and Chancellor of Haverfordwest, Rouse and Builth, Justiciar of South Wales, and Governor of all Wales.

He was also a Privy Councillor and in 1505 he was made a Knight of the Garter, which he celebrated with a great tournament at Carew Castle in 1507. After the death of Henry VII, he remained a supporter of his son, Henry VIII and took part in the Battle of Guinegatte in 1513.

Rhys was married twice: to Eva, daughter of Henri ap Gwilym of Cwrt Henri; and to Janet, daughter of Thomas Mathew of Radyr, who was widow of Thomas Stradling of St Donats. However, although Rhys had numerous mistresses and several illegitimate children, his legitimate son Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas died in 1521. Rhys himself died at Carmarthen Priory in 1525. After Henry VIII suppressed the monasteries, Rhys's tomb was moved to St. Peter's Church, also in Carmarthen.

Rhys's estates and offices were meant to pass to his grandson and heir Rhys ap Gruffydd, however they were taken by the Crown and given to Lord Ferrers for life. Rhys ap Gruffydd was later beheaded by Henry VIII in 1531 for treason after fighting Ferrers and provoking civil unrest amongst the citizens of Carmarthen who were still angry about the disinheritance.

Rhys ap Thomas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rhys ap Thomas (1449–1525), KG, was a Welsh soldier and landholder who rose to prominence during the Wars of the Roses, and was instrumental in the victory of Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth. He remained a faithful supporter of Henry and was rewarded with lands and offices in South Wales. Some sources claim that he personally delivered the death blow to King Richard III at Bosworth with his poleaxe.

Early life
Rhys was the youngest legitimate son of Thomas ap Gruffydd ap Nicolas of Llandeilo in Carmarthenshire, and Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Gruffydd of Abermarlais, also in Carmarthenshire.

In 1460, after decades of increasing unrest among the nobility and armed clashes, the supporters of Richard, Duke of York challenged the right of King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster to rule England. Most Welsh landholders claimed their titles through grants made by Henry's father and grandfather for loyalty to the English crown during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr. They therefore generally supported Henry, rather than the rival Yorkist claimants to the throne.

In 1461, when Rhys ap Thomas was twelve or thirteen, a Lancastrian army raised in Wales under Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, moved into England but was defeated at the Battle of Mortimer's Cross by Edward, Earl of March (the eldest son of Richard of York who had been killed a few weeks before). Rhys's grandfather Gruffydd ap Nicholas was killed in the battle. Within a few weeks, Edward had been proclaimed King Edward IV, and the main Lancastrian armies were crushed at the Battle of Towton in Yorkshire.

Some Lancastrians, including Rhys's father Thomas, continued to resist in Wales. Thomas and his brother Owain defended Carreg Cennen Castle near Llandeilo. They were forced to surrender in 1462 after a siege. The victorious Yorkists demolished the castle to prevent it being used as a Lancastrian stronghold again. The lands of the defeated Lancastrians were confiscated, and Thomas, with the young Rhys, went into exile at the court of Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy.

Thomas and Rhys returned to Wales in 1467, and reacquired at least some of their former lands. This was during a period which included the Readeption of Henry VI, when many former Lancastrians regained their lands, and contrived to keep them even after the subsequent victory of Edward IV in 1471.

Thomas died in 1474. Rhys's two elder brothers had already died, and Rhys inherited his father's estates.

Reign of Richard III
In 1483, Edward IV died. His son, Edward V was still a minor. Edward's surviving brother Richard of Gloucester and the Duke of Buckingham moved to prevent the unpopular relatives of Elizabeth Woodville, Edward's Queen, from sharing in power or even dominating the government during the young King's minority. However, Richard went further, declaring Edward's children illegitimate and seizing the throne himself. The young Edward V and his younger brother (the Princes in the Tower) disappeared and were probably murdered. Buckingham turned against Richard and led a revolt aimed at restoring the House of Lancaster, in the person of the exiled Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, to the throne. The revolt failed. Buckingham himself had raised a force at Brecon in mid-Wales, but storms and floods prevented him crossing the River Severn to join other rebels in England, and his starving soldiers deserted. He was soon betrayed and executed. The same storms prevented Henry from landing in the West Country.

Rhys had declined to support Buckingham's uprising. In the aftermath, when Richard appointed officers to replace those who had joined the revolt, he made Rhys ap Thomas his principal lieutenant in south west Wales and granted him an annuity for life of 40 marks. Rhys was required to send his son Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas to the King's court at Nottingham as a hostage, but he excused himself from this obligation by claiming that nothing could bind him to his duty more strongly than his conscience. He is supposed to have taken an oath that

Whoever ill-affected to the state, shall dare to land in those parts of Wales where I have any employment under your majesty, must resolve with himself to make his entrance and irruption over my belly.

Nevertheless, he is presumed to have carried on some correspondence with Henry Tudor, who was preparing another attempt in France to overthrow Richard.

Bosworth campaign
On 1 August 1485, Henry set sail from Harfleur in France. With fair winds, he landed at Mill Bay near Dale on the north side of Milford Haven, close to his birthplace in Pembroke Castle, with a force of English exiles and French mercenaries. At this point, Rhys should have engaged him. However, Rhys instead joined Henry. Folklore has it that the Bishop of St. David's offered to absolve him from his previous oath to Richard. The Bishop also suggested that Rhys fulfil the strict letter of his vow by lying down and letting Henry step over him. This undignified procedure might have weakened Rhys's authority over his men, so instead, Rhys is said to have stood under the Mullock Bridge about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Dale while Henry marched over it.

Henry's and Rhys's forces marched separately through Wales, with Rhys recruiting 500 men as he proceeded. They rejoined at Welshpool before crossing into England. Rhys's Welsh force was described as being large enough to have "annihilated" the rest of Henry's army. On 22 August, they met Richard's army near Market Bosworth. In the resulting Battle of Bosworth, Richard launched an attack led by John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk. According to a contemporary ballad, Rhys's men halted the assault. "Norfolk's line began to break under pressure from Rhys ap Thomas's men" and the Duke was killed by an arrow shot. Hoping to turn the tide and win the battle rapidly by killing his rival, Richard and his companion knights charged directly at Henry. The king was unhorsed and surrounded. The poet Guto'r Glyn implies that Rhys himself was responsible for killing Richard, possibly with a poll axe. Referring to Richard's emblem of a boar, the poet writes that Rhys "killed the boar, shaved his head" ("Lladd y baedd, eilliodd ei ben"). However, this may only mean that one of Rhys's Welsh halberdiers killed the king, since the Burgundian chronicler Jean Molinet, says that a Welshman, one of Rhys' men suspected to be Wyllyam Gardynyr, struck the death-blow with a halberd. Guto'r Glyn himself says that Rhys was "like the stars of a shield with the spear in their midst on a great steed" ("A Syr Rys mal sŷr aesaw, Â’r gwayw’n eu mysg ar gnyw mawr"). He was knighted on the field of battle.

Later life
Rhys demonstrated his continuing loyalty to Henry by suppressing a Yorkist rebellion at Brecon in 1486, and taking part in the campaign against the pretender Lambert Simnel in 1487 and the subsequent campaigns against Perkin Warbeck. He played a part in the defeat of the Cornish Rebellion of 1497, capturing the rebel leader Lord Audeley, for which he was awarded the honour of Knight Banneret.

As reward for his loyalty to Henry, he acquired many lands and lucrative offices in South Wales. He was appointed Constable and Lieutenant of Breconshire, Chamberlain of Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire, Seneschall and Chancellor of Haverfordwest, Rouse and Builth, Justiciar of South Wales, and Governor of all Wales.

He was also a Privy Councillor and in 1505 he was made a Knight of the Garter, which he celebrated with a great tournament at Carew Castle in 1507. After the death of Henry VII, he remained a supporter of his son, Henry VIII and took part in the Battle of Guinegatte in 1513.

Rhys was married twice: to Eva, daughter of Henri ap Gwilym of Cwrt Henri; and to Janet, daughter of Thomas Mathew of Radyr, who was widow of Thomas Stradling of St Donats. However, although Rhys had numerous mistresses and several illegitimate children, his legitimate son Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas died in 1521. Rhys himself died at Carmarthen Priory in 1525. After Henry VIII suppressed the monasteries, Rhys's tomb was moved to St. Peter's Church, also in Carmarthen.

Rhys's estates and offices were meant to pass to his grandson and heir Rhys ap Gruffydd, however they were taken by the Crown and given to Lord Ferrers for life. Rhys ap Gruffydd was later beheaded by Henry VIII in 1531 for treason after fighting Ferrers and provoking civil unrest amongst the citizens of Carmarthen who were still angry about the disinheritance.

References

Heritage of Wales News 6 February 2013. Accessed 27 February 2013
http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/richard-iiis-killer-really-welshman-7168556
Ross, Charles (1999) [1981]. Richard III. Yale English Monarchs. New Haven, Connecticut; and London: Yale University Press, p.213.
Ralph A. Griffiths and Roger S. Thomas, The Making of the Tudor Dynasty, p.185.
Griffith, Ralph, Sir Rhys ap Thomas and his family: a study in the Wars of the Roses and early Tudor politics, University of Wales Press, 1993, p.43. See also guto'r glyn.net

E. A. Rees, A Life of Guto'r Glyn, Y Lolfa, 2008, p.212.
Richard III wounds match medieval Welsh poem description
External links

National Library of Wales entry
Castles of Wales article
Llandeilo local history site
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhys_ap_Thomas&oldid=752668912"

Rhys married Gwilym, Lady Eva. Eva (daughter of Gwylliam, Henry) was born in 1453 in Bourgogne, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; died in DECEASED in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 99MN-QL9

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Baron of Beauchamp
• Appointments / Titles: Lord
• Appointments / Titles: Sir
• FSID: LKKM-H4H
• Occupation: Knight
• Residence: Fonmon Castle, Ffon-mon, Glamorgan, Wales

Notes:

According to "The Peerage of England" by Arthur Collins, Sir John Saint John was made Knight of the Bath in 1488 by Henry VII King of England.
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About Sir John De St John, Baron of Beauchamp of Bletso
Sir John de St. John, Knight of the Bath, 1502, of Blestoe, co. Bedford Doc. Line 85-37 !MARRIAGE: Sir John de St. John, Knight and Sybil - Doc. Line 85-37

From the Collectanea Topographica, Harleian MS 1074: he had five daughters and one son. But on the other hand: His will quoted in "Testamenta Vetusta" collected by Nicholas Harris Nicolas and published by Nihols and son, Parliament St, London in MDCCCXXVI: "SIR JOHN ST JOHN "John St John, of the parish of Bletnesho, Knight, 22nd March 1524. My body to be buried in the Chapel of St Edmund, in the North side of the Church of our Lady St Mary of Bletnesho aforesaid. To Oliver, my son, all my lands in Sharnbrok, Milton, Risley, in Bedfordwhire; to Alexander, my son, my lands abour Bedford. And I constitute John St John, Sir William Gasken, Knt. and Oliver and Alexander St John, my sons, my executors; and my Lord Morley, my supervisor. Proved 23rd May 1525." Notes in the book: Grandfather of Oliver first Baron St John of Bletso, he was made a Knight of the Bath 17 Henry VII. [Lord Morley] His son-in-law, having married his eldest daughter Alice. Note that other records don't show this gent having either an Oliver or an Alexander for sons... And this may be the wrong Lord Morley, the first of whom married the daughter of this man's father, so was his uncle, a suitable dignity for a Supervisor to a will. Occupation - Kt Bt in 1497
From: GENI

John married verch Morgan, Sybil in 1475 in Bedfordshire, England. Sybil (daughter of ap Jenkin Philip, Morgan and Mathew, Joan Margred) was born in 1453 in Keysoe, Bedfordshire, England; died in 1529 in Cowbridge, Glamorgan, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Baroness of Beauchamp
• FSID: L4Y3-N4Y
• Name: Sybil ap Jenkins ap Philip

Other Events and Attributes:

• Life Event: Peerage of England
• FSID: LC5X-KB5
• Appointments / Titles: 1449; Member of Parliment
• Military: 1452; Expedition to Guyenne
• Military: 26 Jul 1453; Present at the Battle of Chastillon
• Appointments / Titles: 1461; Constable of Colchester Castle
• Appointments / Titles: 1461; King's carver
• Appointments / Titles: 1461; Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk
• Military: 29 Mar 1461; At the Battle of Towton
• Appointments / Titles: 29 Mar 1461; Knight of the Garter
• Military: 1462; He and Lords Fauconberg and Clinton made a descent on Brittany, and took Croquet and the Isle of Rhé.
• Appointments / Titles: 1463; 1st Duke of Norfolk of the Howard family
• Appointments / Titles: 1470; Created a baron by King Henry VI
• Military: 22 Aug 1485; Commanded the vanguard, largely composed of archers at the Battle of Bosworth Field

Notes:

John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Spouse(s) Katherine Moleyns
Margaret Chedworth
Issue Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Nicholas Howard
Isabel Howard
Anne Howard
Margaret Howard
Jane Howard
Katherine Howard
Noble family Howard
Father Sir Robert Howard
Mother Margaret Mowbray
Born c.1425
Died 22 August 1485

Arms of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk KG (c. 1425 – 22 August 1485), was an English nobleman, soldier, politician, and the first Howard Duke of Norfolk. He was a close friend and loyal supporter of King Richard III, with whom he was slain at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

Family
John Howard, born about 1425, was the son of Sir Robert Howard of Tendring (1398–1436) and Margaret de Mowbray (1391–1459), eldest daughter of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (of the first creation) (1366–1399), by Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366–1425). His paternal grandparents were Sir John Howard of Wiggenhall, Norfolk, and Alice Tendring, daughter of Sir William Tendring.

Howard was a descendant of English royalty through both sides of his family. On his father's side, Howard was descended from Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, the second son of King John, who had an illegitimate son, named Richard (d.1296), whose daughter, Joan of Cornwall, married Sir John Howard (d. shortly before 23 July 1331). On his mother's side, Howard was descended from Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, the elder son of Edward I of England by his second wife, Margaret of France, and from Edward I's younger brother, Edmund Crouchback.

Career
Howard succeeded his father in 1436. In his youth he was in the household of John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk (d. 1461), and was drawn into Norfolk's conflicts with William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk. In 1453 he was involved in a lawsuit with Suffolk's wife, Alice Chaucer. He had been elected to Parliament in 1449 and during the 1450s he held several local offices. According to Crawford, he was at one point during this period described as 'wode as a wilde bullok'. He is said to have been with Lord Lisle in his expedition to Guyenne in 1452, which ended in defeat at Castillon on 17 July 1453. He received an official commission from the King on 10 December 1455 and also had been utilised by Henry to promote friendship between Lord Moleyns (his father-in-law) and one John Clopton.

He was a staunch adherent of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses, and was knighted by King Edward IV at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461, and in the same year was appointed Constable of Norwich and Colchester castles, and became part of the royal household as one of the King's carvers, 'the start of a service to the house of York which was to last for the rest of his life'.

In 1461 Howard was High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, and during the years 1462-4 he took part in military campaigns against the Lancastrians. In 1467 he served as deputy for Norfolk as Earl Marshal at 'the most splendid tournament of the age when Antoine, count of La Roche, the Bastard of Burgundy, jousted against the Queen's brother, Lord Scales. In the same year he was one of three ambassadors sent to Burgundy to arrange the marriage of the King's sister, Margaret of York, to Charles, Duke of Burgundy. At about this time he was made a member of the King's council, and in 1468 he was among those who escorted Margaret to Burgundy for her wedding. During the 1460s Howard had become involved in the internal politics of St John's Abbey in Colchester, of which he was a patron. He interfered with the abbatial elections at the Abbey following the death of Abbot Ardeley in 1464, helping the Yorkist supporter John Canon to win the election. Howard then appears to have interfered again in support of Abbot Stansted's election following Canon's death in 1464.

Howard's advancement in the King's household continued. By 1467 he was a knight of the body, and in September 1468 was appointed Treasurer of the Royal Household, an office which he held for only two years, until Edward lost the throne in 1470.

According to Crawford, Howard was a wealthy man by 1470, when Edward IV's first reign ended and he went into exile on the continent. In the area around Stoke by Nayland Howard held some sixteen manors, seven of which the King had granted him in 1462. After 1463, he purchased a number of other manors, including six forfeited by John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, the son of his cousin, Elizabeth Howard.

Howard was summoned to Parliament from 15 October 1470 by writs directed to Iohanni Howard de Howard Militi and Iohanni Howard Chivaler, whereby he is held to have become Lord Howard. On 24 April 1472 he was admitted to the Order of the Garter.

In April 1483 he bore the royal banner at the funeral of King Edward IV. He supported Richard III's usurpation of the throne from King Edward V, and was appointed Lord High Steward. He bore the crown before Richard at his coronation, while his eldest son, the Earl of Surrey, carried the Sword of State. On 28 June 1483 he was created Duke of Norfolk, third creation, the first creation having become extinct on the death of John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, in 1476, and the second creation having been invalidated by Richard's illegitimisation, on 25 June 1483, of Edward IV's second son Richard of York. This left John Howard as heir to the duchy, and his alliance with Richard ensured his acquisition of the title. He was also created Earl Marshal, and Lord Admiral of all England, Ireland, and Aquitaine.

The Duke's principal home was at Stoke-by-Nayland (and later Framlingham Castle) in Suffolk. However, after his second marriage he frequently resided at Ockwells Manor at Cox Green in Bray as it was conveniently close to the royal residence at Windsor Castle.

Marriages and issue
Effigy of Lady Anne Gorges, Gorges tomb, Wraxall Church
Before 29 September 1442 Howard married Katherine Moleyns (d. 3 November 1465), the daughter of Sir William Moleyns (7 January 1378 – 8 June 1425), styled Lord Moleyns, of Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, and his wife, Margery Whalesborough (d. 26 March 1439). There is confusion in some sources between the wives of Sir William Moleyns (d. 8 June 1425) and his eldest son and heir, Sir William Moleyns, who was slain at the siege of Orleans on 8 May 1429, and who married, on 1 May 1423, as his second wife, Anne Whalesborough (died c. 1487), the daughter and co-heir of John Whalesborough, esquire, of Whalesborough, Cornwall.

By Katherine Moleyns Howard had two sons and four daughters:

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey (1443–21 May 1524), who married firstly, on 30 April 1472, as her second husband, Elizabeth Tilney, by whom he had ten children including Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Howard, wife of Sir Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire; he married secondly, in 1497, Agnes Tilney, by whom he had eleven children.
Nicholas Howard (died c.1468).
Isabel or Elizabeth Howard, who married Robert Mortimer (d.1485), esquire, of Landmere in Thorpe-le-Soken, slain at Bosworth, by whom she had a daughter, Elizabeth, who married George Guildford, younger son of Sir Richard Guildford.
Anne Howard (1446–1474), who married Sir Edmund Gorges (d.1512) of Wraxall, by whom she had issue including Sir Thomas Gorges.
Jane Howard (1450 – August 15, 1508), who in 1481 married Sir John Timperley of Hintlesham, Suffolk, no issue.
Margaret Howard (1445–1484), who married Sir John Wyndham of Crownthorpe and Felbrigg, Norfolk, by whom she had issue.

Howard married secondly, before 22 January 1467, Margaret (1436–1494), the daughter of Sir John Chedworth and his wife, Margaret Bowett,[16] and widow, firstly of Nicholas Wyfold (1420–1456), Lord Mayor of London, and secondly of Sir John Norreys (1400 – 1 September 1466), Master of the Wardrobe.[17]

By his second wife, Margaret Chedworth, he had one daughter:[17]

Katherine Howard (died 17 March 1536), who married John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, by whom she had issue.

Death
John Howard was slain at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485 along with his friend and patron King Richard.[18] Howard was the commander of the vanguard, and his son, the Earl of Surrey, his lieutenant. Howard was killed when a Lancastrian arrow struck him in the face after the face guard had been torn off his helmet during an earlier altercation with the Earl of Oxford.[19] He was slain prior to King Richard, which had a demoralising effect on the king. Shakespeare relates how, the night before, someone had left John Howard a note attached to his tent warning him that King Richard III, his "master," was going to be double-crossed (which he was):

"Jack of Norfolk, be not too bold, For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold."[20]

However, this story does not appear prior to Edward Hall in 1548, so the story may well be an apocryphal embellishment of a later era.[21] He was buried in Thetford Priory, but his body seems to have been moved at the Reformation, possibly to the tomb of the 3rd Duke of Norfolk at Framlingham Church. The monumental brass of his first wife Katherine Moleyns can, however, still be seen in Suffolk.

Howard was the great-grandfather of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, the second and fifth Queens consort, respectively, of King Henry VIII. Thus, through Anne Boleyn, he was the great-great-grandfather of Elizabeth I. His titles were declared forfeit after his death by King Henry VII, but his son, the 1st Earl of Surrey, was later restored as 2nd Duke (the Barony of Howard, however, remains forfeit). His senior descendants, the Dukes of Norfolk, have been Earls Marshal and Premier Peers of England since the 17th century, and male-line descendants hold the Earldoms of Carlisle, Suffolk, Berkshire and Effingham.

References
Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 42, 610–12.

Crawford, Anne (2004). "Howard, John, first duke of Norfolk (d. 1485)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13921. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6637-3.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 313, 409–413. ISBN 1-4499-6638-1. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6639-X.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6631-4.

Watson, J. Yelloly (1877). The Tendring Hundred in the Olden Time. Colchester: Benham & Harrison. pp. 11–14, 163–4. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

D. N. J. MacCulloch (ed.). The Chorography of Suffolk.

Paul Murray Kendall, Richard The Third, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1955 ISBN 0-04-942048-8

Neil Grant, The Howards of Norfolk, Franklin Watts Ltd., London, 1972

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1891). "Howard, John (1430?-1485)". Dictionary of National Biography. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Categories: 1425 births1485 deathsEarls MarshalKnights of the GarterLord High Admirals of EnglandDukes of NorfolkBarons MowbrayBarons SegraveHoward family (English aristocracy)English military personnel killed in actionHigh Sheriffs of BerkshireHigh Sheriffs of OxfordshireHigh Sheriffs of NorfolkHigh Sheriffs of SuffolkPeople from BaberghPeople from Bray, Berkshire15th-century English peopleMale Shakespearean characters
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John married de Moleynes, Catherine in 1440 in England. Catherine (daughter of de Moleynes, William) was born in 1424 in Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, England; was christened between 1424 and 1465 in Stoke By Nayland, Suffolk, England; died on 3 Nov 1465 in Stoke By Nayland, Suffolk, England; was buried on 22 Nov 1465 in Nayland, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess
• Appointments / Titles: Duchess of Norfolk
• FSID: LRTH-5LJ

Henry married Tailboys, Eleanor. Eleanor (daughter of Tailboys, Walter and Cheyney, Alice Stafford) was born in 1452 in South Kyme, Lincolnshire, England; died on 19 Nov 1545 in Thetford, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LD89-7HL