Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duchess
• Life Event: Peerage of England
• FSID: 9HKX-8B3
• Appointments / Titles: 1338; Countess of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: 1338; Earl Marshall of England
• Appointments / Titles: 29 Sep 1397; Duchess of Norfolk

Notes:

Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk

Spouse(s) John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave
Sir Walter Mauny
Issue
John de Segrave
John de Segrave (again)
Elizabeth de Segrave
Margaret de Segrave
Thomas Mauny
Anne Mauny
Isabel Mauny
Father Thomas of Brotherton
Mother Alice Hales
Born c.1320
Died 24 March 1399
Buried Grey Friars, London

Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Margaret, in her own right Countess of Norfolk (sometimes surnamed Brotherton or Marshal;[1] c. 1320–24 March 1399), was the daughter and eventual sole heir of Thomas of Brotherton, eldest son of Edward I, by his second marriage. In 1338 she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal.

Family
Margaret (b. about 1320), was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton and Alice de Hales (d. in or before 1330). Her paternal grandparents were Edward I and Margaret (1279?–1318), daughter of Philippe III of France (d.1285).[2] Her maternal grandparents were Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon, Roughton, Norfolk and Alice.[3][4] She had a brother and sister:
Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice de Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.[5] Alice of Norfolk, who married Sir Edward de Montagu.[6]

Life
In 1335 aged 15 (the typical age of marriage for maidens of that era), she was married to John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and proceeded to have four children - two sons and two daughters - by him. In 1350, she sought a divorce on the ground that they had been contracted in marriage (in other words betrothed) before she was of marriageable age, and that she had never consented to cohabit with him. She made known her intention of traveling to the continent in order to plead personally with the Pope for a divorce. King Edward III prohibited her from leaving England, but she set off incognito anyway, having taken care to obtain a safe conduct from the King of France.

The following year (1351) Edward III charged her with having crossed the English Channel in contravention of his prohibition.[7] The inquisition, regarding this incident, shows that Margaret unlawfully crossed the Channel and met with a servant of her future husband, Sir Walter de Mauny, who broke his lantern with his foot so she could pass unnoticed and acted as her guardian during her sojourn in France. This incident and the involvement of her future husband's retainer may indicate the real motivation for Margaret seeking a divorce.

The divorce case was ultimately heard by the Pope's auditor, the Dean of St. Hilary's at Poitiers. However, Margaret's first husband died in 1353, before the divorce could be finalized. Shortly thereafter, and just before 30 May 1354, she married Sir Walter de Mauny without the King's licence. They were married 18 years, and had three children before he died at London on 8 or 13 January 1372.[8]

On 29 September 1397, Margaret was created Duchess of Norfolk for life.[8] She died 24 March 1399, and was buried in the choir of Grey Friars in the City of London.[8]

The executors of her will are reported to be John Sileby & Walter fitz Piers, who in 1399 were reported to be attempting to recover money due to her estate.[9]

Marriages and issue
Margaret married firstly, about 1335,[4] John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, by whom she had two sons and two daughters:[10]

John de Segrave, who died young.[10]

John de Segrave (d. before 1 April 1353), second of that name, who was contracted to marry Blanche of Lancaster, younger daughter and coheiress of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. However the contract was later declared void[11] and Blanche later married John of Gaunt. About 1349, a double marriage was solemnized in which John Segrave married Blanche Mowbray, while John's sister, Elizabeth Segrave, married Blanche Mowbray's brother, John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray, Pope Clement VI having granted dispensations for the marriages at the request of Lancaster, in order to prevent 'disputes between the parents', who were neighbours.[12][13][11]

Elizabeth de Segrave, 5th Baroness Segrave, who married John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray.[11]

Margaret de Segrave, who died young, before 1353.[11]

Shortly before 30 May 1354, Margaret married secondly, and without the King's licence, Sir Walter Mauny,[14] by whom she had a son and two daughters:[11]
Thomas Mauny, who was drowned in a well at Deptford at the age of ten.[11]
Anne Mauny, who married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke.[11]
Isabel Mauny, who was living in 1358, but died without issue before 30 November 1371.[11]
Distinction

As her brother had died without issue, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal at her father's death in 1338. To date, she is the only woman to have held the latter office.

Fictional representations
Margaret is a character in Georgette Heyer's last novel My Lord John, where she is portrayed sympathetically as a kindly though outwardly formidable old lady.

References
1. "Brotherton [Marshal], Margaret". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F53070) . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required.)
2. Waugh 2004.
3. Richardson II 2011, p. 631.
4. Archer II 2004.
5. Richardson II 2011, p. 634.
6. Richardson II 2011, pp. 634-5.
7. Richardson II 2011, pp. 637-8.
8. Richardson II 2011, p. 638.
9. Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas. National Archives; CP 40/555; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/H4/CP40no555/bCP40no555dorses/IMG_0329.htm; first entry
10. Richardson II 2011, p. 639.
11. Richardson II 2011, p. 640.
12. Cokayne 1936, p. 384.
13. Archer I 2004.
14. Sumption 2004.

Sources
Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "Mowbray, John (III), fourth Lord Mowbray (1340–1368)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19452. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "‘Brotherton, Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c.1320–1399)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 380–5.

Cokayne, George Edward (1949). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XI. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 609–10.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 144996639X.

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966349.

Sumption, Jonathan (2004). "Mauny, Sir Walter (c.1310–1372)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17985. (Subscription or UK public ibrary membership required.)

Waugh, Scott L. (2004). "Thomas, first earl of Norfolk (1300–1338)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27196. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Calendar Inquisitions Miscellaneous, vol. 3, 1937

Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers: Letters, 4, 1902

Segrave, Charles, The Segrave Family: 1066 to 1935

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Family/Spouse: de Mauny, Gauthier. Gauthier was born in 1310 in England; died on 21 Jan 1372 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married de Segrave, Sir John in 1335 in England. John (son of de Segrave, Sir Stephen and FitzAlan, Lady Alice) was born on 4 May 1315 in Norfolk, England; died on 1 Apr 1353 in Bretby, Derbyshire, England; was buried on 9 Apr 1353 in Chacombe Priory, Chacombe, Northamptonshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. de Segrave, Baroness Elizabeth was born on 3 Oct 1338 in Croxton Abbey, Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire, England; was christened on 2 Nov 1338 in Croxton Abbey, Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire, England; died on 2 Apr 1368 in Epworth, Lincolnshire, England; was buried after 2 Apr 1368 in Croxton Abbey, Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire, England.

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 93ZS-SVW
• Appointments / Titles: 1 Jun 1300; Prince of England
• Appointments / Titles: 16 Dec 1312; 1st Earl of Norfolk
• Appointments / Titles: 10 Feb 1316; 1st Earl Mashall of England
• Will: 18 Aug 1338, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England

Notes:

Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – August 1338), was a younger son of King Edward I (1272-1307) by his wife Margaret of France and was a younger half-brother of King Edward II (1307-1327). He occupied the office of Earl Marshal of England.
Born 1 June 1300 Brotherton, Yorkshire
Died 4 August 1338 (aged 38) Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England
Burial Bury St Edmunds Abbey, Suffolk
Title 1st Earl of Norfolk
Tenure 1312 – 1338
Known for Younger half-brother of Edward II of England
Years active 1316 – 1338
Wars Second War of Scottish Independence
Battle of Halidon Hill
Offices Earl Marshal
Successor Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Spouse(s) Alice Hales
Mary Brewes
Issue Edward of Norfolk
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk
Alice of Norfolk
Parents Edward I of England
Margaret of France

Early life
Thomas of Brotherton, born 1 June 1300, was the fifth son of Edward I, and the eldest son of his second marriage to Margaret (1279?–1318), the daughter of Philippe III of France (d.1285). He was born at the manor house at Brotherton, Yorkshire, while his mother was on her way to Cawood, where her confinement was scheduled to take place. According to Hilton, Margaret was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour. The chronicler William Rishanger records that during the difficult delivery his mother prayed, as was the custom at the time, to Thomas Becket, and Thomas of Brotherton was thus named after the saint and his place of birth.

Edward I quickly rushed to the queen and the newborn baby and had him presented with two cradles. His brother Edmund was born in the year after that. They were overseen by wet nurses until they were six years old. Like their parents, they learned to play chess and to ride horses. They were visited by nobles and their half-sister Mary of Woodstock, who was a nun. Their mother often accompanied Edward on his campaigns to Scotland, but kept herself well-informed on their well-being.

His father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas's half-brother, Edward, became king of England and Thomas was heir presumptive until his nephew Edward was born in 1312. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but Edward instead bestowed it upon his favourite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When Thomas was 10 years old, Edward assigned to him and his brother Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk who had died without heirs in 1306.

Career
In 1312, he was titled "Earl of Norfolk" and on 10 February 1316 he was created Earl Marshal. While his brother was away fighting in Scotland, he was left Keeper of England. He was known for his hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of the king's new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger and his father Hugh Despenser the Elder, who stole some of the young earl's lands. He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers. When his nephew Edward III reached his majority and took the government into his own hands Thomas became one of his principal advisors. It was in the capacity of Lord Marshal that he commanded the right wing of the English army at the Battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333.

He died about 20 September 1338, and was buried in the choir of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.

He was succeeded by his daughter, Margaret, as Countess of Norfolk. She was later created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397.

As a son of Edward I of England, he was entitled to bear the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England, differenced by a label argent of three points.

Marriages and issue
He married firstly, before 8 January 1326, Alice de Hales (d. before 12 October 1330), daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, by his wife, Alice, by whom he had a son and two daughters:

Edward of Norfolk, who married Beatrice de Mortimer, daughter of Roger de Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, but died without issue before 9 August 1334.
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, who married firstly John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and secondly Sir Walter Manny.
Alice of Norfolk, who married Sir Edward de Montagu.
Alice Hales died by October 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex.

He married secondly, before 4 April 1336, Mary de Brewes (died 11 June 1362), widow of Sir Ralph de Cobham, (d. 5 February 1326), and daughter of Sir Peter de Brewes (d. before 7 February 1312) of Tetbury, Gloucestershire, by Agnes de Clifford (d. before 1332), by whom he had no surviving issue.

Thomas married Hales, Lady Alice before 8 Jan 1326 in Loddon, Norfolk, England. Alice (daughter of Hales, Sir Roger and Hales, Lady Alice) was born in 1302 in Loddon, Norfolk, England; died before 12 Oct 1330 in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England; was buried after 12 Oct 1330 in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Norfolk
• FSID: LR9J-D6M

Notes:

Thomas Brotherton married before 8 January 1326, Alice de Hales daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, by his wife, Alice. Alice Hales died by 12 October 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex, England. This belies the note that she died in Bosham, Suffolk, England since no such place is known to exist. However there is a church is the noted town of Bosham, Sussex, England. So it appears that people have created a mythical town in Suffolk based upon the fact that chantry was performed in Bosham, Sussex. Since Alice died before her husband, Thomas; and Thomas died in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England; and Alice is buried in Bury St Edmunds; it would make sense to assume that she died in Bury St Edmunds rather than an unknown place in Suffolk.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Hammer of the Scots
• Appointments / Titles: King of England
• Appointments / Titles: The Best Lance in the World
• Appointments / Titles: The Edward Justian
• Appointments / Titles: The Flower of Chivalry
• Nickname: Longshanks
• FSID: LHWS-PRY
• Occupation: Peerage of England
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Military: 21 May 1264; Battle of Lewes
• Appointments / Titles: 1265; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
• Military: 2 Jul 1271, Nazareth, Israel; 7th or 9th Crusade: After capturing Nazareth in 1271, he massacred all the Muslims found within its walls. In retaliation for this savagery, an Assassin with a poisoned dagger stabbed him three times, but his life was saved by his wife's prompt action of sucking the poison from the wounds, and by his vigorous constitution which resisted whatever poison remained in his system. So in 1272 he negotiated and signed a 10 year truce before heading home, which is when he learned of his father’s death. He finally reached England in 1274 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey on August 19th.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Duke of Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; King of England
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Lord of Ireland
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1272 and 1307; Lord of Scotland
• Appointments / Titles: 26 Aug 1274, Westminster, London, England; Coronation as King of England
• Military: Between 1276 and 1277, Wales; Supressed a minor rebellion in Wales.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1279 and 1281; Count of Ponthieu
• Military: Between 1282 and 1283, Wales; He responded to a second rebellion with a full scale war of conquest. After this success he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the country and settled them with English settlers.
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1290 and 1306; Lord of Scotland
• Military: 1293, France; War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edwards’s power in Gascony. He lost Gascony in 1293 and did not regain it until 1303.
• Military: 1296, Scotland; After invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself King of that realm.
• Military: 1298, Scotland; In winning the Battle of Falkirk led by Sir William Wallace, he achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but failed to crush Scottish opposition. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305.

Notes:

Reign 16 November 1272[1] – 7 July 1307
Coronation 19 August 1274
Predecessor Henry III
Successor Edward II
Born 17/18 June 1239 Palace of Westminster, London, England
Died 7 July 1307 (aged 68) Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
Burial Westminster Abbey, London, England
Spouse Eleanor of Castile (m. 1254–1290)
Margaret of France (m. 1299–1307)
Issue Eleanor, Countess of Bar
Joan, Countess of Hertford
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
Mary of Woodstock
Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford
Henry
Edward II of England
Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of Kent
House Plantagenet
Father Henry III of England
Mother Eleanor of Provence

Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster on 19 August.

He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, Edward subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. In the war that followed, the Scots persevered, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son, Edward II, an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.

Edward I was a tall man for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of the King: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it would be over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1656.

He was involved early in the political intrigues of his father’s reign, which included rebellion by the English Barons. In 1259 he sided with a Baronial Reform Movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford.

On 24 December 1264 he was forced to deliver the Earldom of Chester into the hands of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester just before his escape. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pledge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward seized the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de Montfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by him, plus he introduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. Including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards’s household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory; Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagant spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured neither at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264; Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas Fitz Thomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. Fought against and defeated Simon de Montfort (his uncle) in the Battle of Evesham and on 4 August 1265 took back his title with the death of Simon.

He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice and passed legislation allowing feudal barons and the crown to collect revenues from properties willed to the church. He crushed clerical opposition when Pope Clement V allowed him in 1306 to suspend Archbishop Robert de Winchelsey. Early in his reign he divided the Curis Regis into three courts. 1) The Court of Kings Bench, to deal with criminal offenses reserved for the Kings judgment and with suits in which he was himself concerned; 2) The Court of Exchequer, to deal with all matters touching the Kings revenue; and 3) The Court of Common Pleas, to deal with suits between subject and subject. Edward took care that these courts should administer justice and dismissed judges and many other officials for corruption. He gave Scotland new constitution and representation in English Parliament.
While some historians have praised him for his contribution to the law, others have criticized him for his uncompromising attitude toward his nobility. Accomplishments include: Restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, Establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, reforming the law through statutes. His criticisms include: His brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290 (by which the Jews were expelled from England and would take over 350 yrs before it was overturned in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell).

Edward married de France, Marguerite on 8 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Marguerite (daughter of de France, Philip III and de Brabant, Maria) was born in 1279 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; died on 14 Feb 1318 in Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England; was buried after 14 Feb 1318 in Greyfriars, London, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Princess of France
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of England
• FSID: LC7V-1ZJ
• Occupation: Peerage of England
• Appointments / Titles: Between 8 Sep 1299 and 7 Jul 1307; Queen of England

Notes:

Margaret of France, Queen of England
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tenure 8 September 1299 – 7 July 1307
Born c. 1279 Paris, France
Died 14 February 1318 Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire
Burial Christ Church Greyfriars, Newgate
Spouse Edward I of England
Issue Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of Kent
House Capet
Father Philip III of France
Mother Maria of Brabant

Margaret of France (c. 1279 – 14 February 1318)[1] was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I. She was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant,

Early life
Her father died when she was three years old and she grew up under guidance of her mother and Joan I of Navarre, her half-brother King Philip IV's wife.[2]

Marriage
The death of Edward's beloved first wife, Eleanor of Castile, at the age of 49 in 1290, left him reeling in grief. However, it was much to Edward's benefit to make peace with France to free him to pursue his wars in Scotland. Additionally, with only one surviving son, Edward was anxious to protect the English throne with additional heirs. In summer of 1291, the English king had betrothed his son and heir, the future Edward II, to Blanche, half-sister to the French King Philip IV, in order to achieve peace with France. However, hearing of her renowned beauty, Edward decided to have his son's bride for his own and sent emissaries to France. Philip agreed to give Blanche to Edward on the conditions that a truce would be concluded between the two countries, and that Edward would give up the province of Gascony.

Edward agreed, and sent his brother Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, to fetch the new bride. Edward had been deceived, for Blanche was to be married to Rudolph, the eldest son of King Albert I of Germany. Instead, Philip offered her younger sister Margaret to marry Edward (then 55). Upon hearing this, Edward declared war on France, refusing to marry Margaret. After five years, a truce was agreed upon under the influence of Pope Boniface VIII. A series of treaties in the first half of 1299 provided terms for a double marriage: Edward I would marry Margaret and his son would marry Isabella, Philip's only surviving daughter. Additionally, the English monarchy would regain the key territory of Guyenne and receive £15,000 owed to Margaret as well as the return of Eleanor of Castile's lands in Ponthieu and Montreuil as a dower first for Margaret, and then Isabella.[3]

Edward was then 60 years old, at least 40 years older than his bride. The wedding took place at Canterbury on 8 September 1299. Margaret was never crowned due to financial constraints, being the first uncrowned queen since the Conquest. This in no way lessened her dignity as the king's wife, however, for she used the royal title in her letters and documents, and appeared publicly wearing a crown even though she had not received one during a formal rite of investiture.[5]

Edward soon returned to the Scottish border to continue his campaigns and left Margaret in London, but she had become pregnant quickly after the wedding. After several months, bored and lonely, the young queen decided to join her husband. Nothing could have pleased the king more, for Margaret's actions reminded him of his first wife Eleanor, who had had two of her sixteen children abroad.

In less than a year Margaret gave birth to a son, Thomas of Brotherton who was named after Thomas Becket, since she had prayed to him during her pregnancy. That Margaret was physically fit was demonstrated by the fact that she was still hunting when her labour pains started.[6]

The next year she gave birth to another son, Edmund.

Many who fell under the king's wrath were saved from too stern a punishment by the queen's influence over her husband, and the statement, Pardoned solely on the intercession of our dearest consort, queen Margaret of England, appears. In 1305, the young queen acted as a mediator between her step-son and husband, reconciling the heir to his aging father, and calming her husband's wrath.[7]

She favored the Franciscan order and was a benefactress of a new foundation at Newgate. Margaret employed the minstrel Guy de Psaltery and both she and her husband liked to play chess.[8] She and her stepson, the future king Edward II (who was only two years younger than she), also became fond of each other: he once made her a gift of an expensive ruby and gold ring, and she on one occasion rescued many of the prince's friends from the wrath of the King.

The mismatched couple were blissfully happy. When Blanche died in 1305 (her husband never became emperor), Edward ordered all the court to go into mourning to please his queen. He had realised the wife he had gained was "a pearl of great price" as Margaret was respected for her beauty, virtue, and piety. The same year Margaret gave birth to a girl, Eleanor, named in honour of Edward's first wife, a choice which surprised many, and showed Margaret's unjealous nature.

In 1307, Edward went on summer campaign to Scotland. Margaret accompanied him. Edward died in Burgh by Sands.

Widowhood
Margaret never remarried after Edward's death in 1307, despite being only 26 when widowed. She was alleged to have stated that "when Edward died, all men died for me".

Margaret was not pleased when Edward II elevated Piers Gaveston to become Earl of Cornwall upon his father's death, since the title had been meant for one of her own sons.[9] She attended the new king's wedding to her half-niece, Isabella of France, and a silver casket was made with both their arms. After Isabella's coronation, Margaret retired to Marlborough Castle (which was by this time a dower house), but she stayed in touch with the new Queen and with her half-brother Philip IV by letter during the confusing times leading up to Gaveston's death in 1312. Margaret, too, was a victim of Gaveston's influence over her step-son. Edward II gave several of her dower lands to the favourite, including Berkhamsted Castle. In May 1308, an anonymous informer reported that Margaret had provided ₤40,000 along with her brother, Philip IV, to support the English barons against Gaveston.[10] Due to this action, Gaveston was briefly exiled and Margaret remained fairly unmolested by the upstart until his death in June 1312.

She was present at the birth of the future Edward III in November 1312. On 14 February 1318 she died in her castle at Marlborough. Dressed in a Franciscan habit, she was buried at Christ Church Greyfriars in London, a church she had generously endowed. Her tomb, beautifully carved, was destroyed during the Reformation.[11]

Issue
In all, Margaret gave birth to three children:[12]
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – 4 August 1338)
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 1301 – 19 March 1330)
Eleanor of England (4 May 1306 – 1311)[12] Died at Amesbury Abbey, buried at Beaulieu Abbey. [13]

References
1. Parsons, John Carmi (2004). "Margaret (1279?–1318)" (http://www.oxforddnb.com). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
2. Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort: England's Mediaeval Queens. London: Weidenfeld & Nichelson. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7538-2611-9.
3. Weir, Alison (2005). Queen Isabella: Treachery, Adultery, and Murder in Medieval England. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 4–5. ISBN 0-345-45319-0.
4. Boutell, Charles (1863), A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular, London: Winsor & Newton, p. 275
5. Williamson, David (1986). Kings and Queens of Britain. Topsfield, MA: Salem House Publ. p. 75. ISBN 0-88162-213-3.
6. Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort. p. 240.
7. Weir, Alison (2005). Queen Isabella. p. 18.
8. Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort. p. 241.
9. Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort. p. 247.
10. Weir, Alison (2005). Queen Isabella. p. 45.
11. Weir, Alison (2005). Queen Isabella. p. 117.
12. Michael Prestwich. Edward I, University of California Press, 1988. pg 131.
13. Alison Weir. Eleanor of England, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, page 88.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England&oldid=786133080"
Categories: English royal consorts 1318 deaths French princesses House of Capet Irish royal consorts
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Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9Z4T-DFJ
• Occupation: Coroner of Norfolk

Notes:

On 07 May 1308 he was assaulted on the job in Norwich, England

Roger married Hales, Lady Alice. Alice was born in UNKNOWN in England; died in 1304 in England; was buried in 1304 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LR1R-JZL

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Duke of Aquitaine
• Appointments / Titles: King
• Appointments / Titles: King of England
• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Ireland
• FSID: 9C69-MKH
• Occupation: King Of England 1216-1272
• Appointments / Titles: Between 4 Nov 1216 and 24 May 1220; King of England
• Burial: 27 Nov 1272, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England

Henry married Berenger, Eleanor on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor (daughter of Berenger, Count Raimund IV and de Savoie, Countess Béatrice) was born on 1 Jul 1223 in Aix, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; was christened in Fontevrault Abbey, Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 25 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; was buried on 11 Sep 1291 in Abbey of St. Mary and St. Melor, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Countess of Provence
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of England
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of England

Notes:

Eleanor of Provence
1223-1291
Queen of England, 1236-1272
"Beautiful, resourceful, clever—and unpopular"

Eleanor of Provence, the queen of Henry III of England, was his loyal marriage-partner for thirty-six years. Strong-willed, ambitious and practical, she played a major role in ruling the kingdom during the volatile thirteenth century. So why is she so little remembered in the roster of medieval queens? Probably because Henry filled his reign with so many miscalculations and disasters that not even a strong helpmeet could avert them. If Eleanor had been a reigning queen instead of a queen-consort, things might have been different.

As daughter of Count Raymond of Provence, Eleanor grew up steeped in the sunny, pleasure-loving culture of Southern France. She was acquainted with the nobility of the Mediterranean world. When she married Henry she brought from her birthplace her taste for the good life and her familiarity with many influential players on the European stage. Eleanor also brought her relatives to install in important offices in England. This didn't endear her to Henry's barons or to the English people, who mistrusted foreigners.

What Henry, an ambitious but ineffective king, lacked in willpower Eleanor more than made up for. Like her two predecessors on the English throne, Isabella of Angouleme and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Eleanor of Provence was fiercely ambitious for her children and supremely self-confident in exercising her power.

She was intimately involved in Henry's battles. These included excursions to France to fight for the Continental lands the French and English had been squabbling about for decades. At home, Henry and Eleanor had rebellious barons to contend with. When Henry was captured by his own barons and forced to agree to their terms for reforms, Eleanor went to France and raised a formidable army to free her husband. But her invasion fleet was wrecked before it reached England. Her son Edward (later Edward I), as combative as his mother, fought off the rebels and rescued his father.

After Henry died in 1272 Eleanor became Queen Dowager, but she never gave up her active role in promoting the royal family's interests. Only after fourteen years did she take off her crown and don the veil at the nunnery of Amesbury. There she lived a quiet, pious life until her death in 1291.

Queen Eleanor of Provence was beautiful, resourceful, clever-and unpopular. Her foreign airs and entanglements, her influence on her husband and her imperious manner could not endear her to the English. The chronicler summed up her contradictory qualities after her death: "the generous and devout virago."

http://www.medievalqueens.com/queen-eleanor-of-provence.htm

Eleanor of Provence (c. 1223 – 24/25 June 1291) was Queen consort of England, as the spouse of King Henry III of England, from 1236 until his death in 1272. She served as regent of England during the absence of her spouse in 1253.

Although she was completely devoted to her husband, and staunchly defended him against the rebel Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, she was very much hated by the Londoners. This was because she had brought a large number of relatives with her to England in her retinue; these were known as "the Savoyards", and they were given influential positions in the government and realm. On one occasion, Eleanor's barge was attacked by angry citizens who pelted her with stones, mud, pieces of paving, rotten eggs and vegetables.

Eleanor was the mother of five children including the future King Edward I of England. She also was renowned for her cleverness, skill at writing poetry, and as a leader of fashion
Eleanor and Henry together had five children:
1.Edward I (1239–1307), married Eleanor of Castile (1241–1290) in 1254, by whom he had issue, including his heir Edward II. His second wife was Margaret of France, by whom he had issue.
2.Margaret (1240–1275), married King Alexander III of Scotland, by whom she had issue.
3.Beatrice (1242–1275), married John II, Duke of Brittany, by whom she had issue.
4.Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245–1296), married Aveline de Forz in 1269, who died four years later without issue; married Blanche of Artois in 1276, by whom he had issue.
5.Katherine (25 November 1253 – 3 May 1257)

Other Events and Attributes:

• Nickname: The Bold
• FSID: 936P-BMS
• Appointments / Titles: Between 25 Aug 1270 and 5 Oct 1285; King of France

Notes:

Philip III of France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

King of France
Reign 25 August 1270 – 5 October 1285
Coronation 30 August 1271
Predecessor Louis IX
Successor Philip IV
Born 30 April 1245 Poissy
Died 5 October 1285 (aged 40) Perpignan
Burial Initially Narbonne, later Saint DenisBasilica
Spouse Isabella of Aragon
Maria of Brabant
Issue Louis of France
Philip IV of France
Charles, Count of Valois
Louis, Count of Évreux
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
Margaret, Queen of England
House Capet
Father Louis IX of France
Mother Margaret of Provence
Religion Roman Catholicism

Philip III of France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Philippe III redirects here. It can also refer to Philippe III de Croÿ and Philippe III, Duke of Orléans.
Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold
(French: le Hardi),[1] was King of France from 1270 to 1285,
a member of the House of Capet.
Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. The strong
personalities of his parents apparently crushed him, and
policies of his father dominated him. People called him "the
Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on
horseback and not on the basis of his political or personal
character. He was pious but not cultivated. He followed the
suggestions of others, first of Pierre de La Broce and then of
his uncle King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania.
His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth
Crusade. Philip, who was accompanying him, came back to
France to claim his throne and was anointed at Reims in
1271.
Philip made numerous territorial acquisitions during his
reign, the most notable being the County of Toulouse which
was annexed to the Crown lands of France in 1271.
Following the Sicilian Vespers, a rebellion triggered by Peter
III of Aragon against Philip's uncle Charles I of Naples,
Philip led an unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade in support of
his uncle. Philip was forced to retreat and died from dysentry
in Perpignan in 1285. He was succeeded by his son Philip the
Fair.
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early life
1.2 Advent of Sorrow
1.3 Inheritances
1.4 Sicilian Vespers
1.5 Family matters
1.6 Aragonese Crusade and death
2 Review from Dante
3 Marriage and children
4 Ancestry
5 Notes
6 Sources
Biography
Early life
Philip was born in Poissy to King Saint Louis IX of France[2] and Margaret of Provence, queen consort of
France. As a younger son, Philip was not expected to rule a kingdom. At the death of his elder brother Louis in
1260, he became the heir to the throne. He was then 15 years old and has less skill than his brother, being of a
gentle character, submissive, timid and versatile, almost crushed by the strong personalities of his parents.
His mother Margaret made him promise to remain under her tutelage until the age of 30, but his father King
Louis had him released from this oath by the pope, preferring to improve his son through education. Pope
Urban IV released Philip from his oath on June 6, 1263. From 1268 Pierre de La Brosse became mentor. Saint
Louis also provided him his own advice, writing in particular Enseignements, which inculcate primarily the
notion of justice as the first duty of the king. He also received a very faith-oriented education. Guillaume
d'Ercuis was also his chaplain before being the tutor of his son, the future king Philip IV.
Advent of Sorrow
Following the Treaty of Corbeil (1258), concluded on March 11, 1258 between James I of Aragon and his
father, Philip was married in 1262 to Isabella of Aragon in Clermont by the archbishop of Rouen Eudes Rigaud.
As Count of Orléans, he accompanied his father to the Eighth Crusade in Tunis, 1270. Shortly before his
departure, St. Louis had given the regency of the kingdom into the hands of Mathieu de Vendôme and Simon II
de Clermont-Nesle, Count of Clermont, to whom he had also entrusted the royal seal. After taking Carthage,
the army was struck by an epidemic of dysentery, which spared neither Philip nor his family. His brother John
Tristan, Count of Valois died first, on August 3, and on August 25 the king died.[3] To prevent putrefaction of
the remains of the sovereign, they recoursed to Mos Teutonicus.
Philip, then 25 years old, was proclaimed king in Tunis. With neither great personality or will, very pious, but a
good rider, he owed his nickname of "Bold" to his valor in combat than strength of character. He was unable to
command the troops at the death of his father. He left his uncle Charles I of Naples to negotiate with
Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis; there was a truce of ten years which allowed him to return
to France. He got the payment of tribute from the caliph of Tunis in exchange for the departure of the crusaders.
A treaty was concluded October 28, 1270 between the kings of France, Sicily and Navarre and the barons on
one hand and the caliph of Tunis on the other.
Other deaths followed this debacle. In December, in Trapani, Sicily, the brother-in-law of Philip, King
Theobald II of Navarre is dead. He was quickly followed to the grave by Philip's sister Isabella. Finally, a
month later, in Calabria, his wife Isabella, while pregnant with their fifth child, fell off her horse. She broke her
spine, miscarried and died in terrible pain at Cosenza.
Philip III arrived in Paris on May 21, 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. The next day the funeral
of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King of France in Reims 15 August 1271.
Inheritances
Alphonse, Count of Poitiers and Toulouse, uncle of the newly crowned king Philip III, returning from the
crusade, died childless in Italy on 21 August 1271. Philip inherited the counties from his uncle and united them
to the Crown lands of France, the royal domain. His inheritance included a portion of Auvergne, then the Terre
royale d'Auvergne, later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with wishes of Alphonse, he granted the Comtat
Venaissin to Blessed Pope Gregory X in 1274. This inheritance also included the Agenais. Several years of
negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens (1279) with King Edward I of England, which restored this territory
to the English.
Sicilian Vespers
King Philip III of France meanwhile supported policy of his uncle, King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and
Albania, in Italy.
Marriage of Philip and Marie of
Brabant, Queen of France
King Peter III of Aragon and Valencia in 1282 triggered the Sicilian Vespers rebellion against King Charles I of
Naples, Sicily, and Albania. The success of rebellion and invasion led to the coronation of Peter III of Aragon
as king of Sicily therefore beginning the dynasty of the House of Barcelona in Sicily.
King Peter II of Aragon in 1205 put his realm under the suzerainty of the pope. Pope Martin IV
excommunicated king Peter III of Aragon, the conqueror, and declared his kingdom forfeit.[4] The pope then
granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III, king of France.
Family matters
Joan I of Navarre, daughter of the deceased king Henry I of Navarre, reigned as queen regnant of Navarre.
Philip IV of France, son of Philip III and heir to the French throne, took her as his wife in 1284 per the Treaty
of Orléans signed by Philip III and Joan's mother, Blanche of Artois.
In 1284, Peter, Count of Perche and Alençon, died without surviving children; therefore, his oldest living
brother, Philip III, king of France, inherited his domains.
Aragonese Crusade and death
Philip III of France in 1284 responded to the Sicilian Vespers in support
of his partially dethroned uncle. With his sons, the king entered
Roussillon at the head of a large army on the ultimately unsuccessful
Aragonese Crusade. The war took the name "crusade" from its papal
sanction; nevertheless, one historian labelled it "perhaps the most
unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the
Capetian monarchy.".[5] On 26 June 1285, Philip III the Bold
entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege the city.
Despite the strong resistance, the French took Girona on 7 September
1285.
Philip quickly experienced a reversal, however, as an epidemic of
dysentery hit hard the French camp. The disease afflicted king Philip III
personally. The French retreated, and the Aragonese enemy handily
defeated the French at the Battle of the Col de Panissars on 1 October
1285.
Philip III died of dysentery in Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, on 5 October 1285. His
son, Philip IV of France the Fair, succeeded him as king of France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon
nearly bankrupted the French monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.[6]
Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts buried in different places : the
flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La Noë abbey in Normandy, his heart to the nowdemolished
church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St Denis, at the time north
of Paris.[7]
Review from Dante
In Divine Comedy, Dante envisions the spirit of Philip outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other
contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed"[8]
and "the father of the Pest of France," a reference to king Philip IV of France.
Marriage and children
On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella, daughter of King James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of
Hungary.[9] They had the following children:
1. Louis (died May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.
2. Philip IV of France (1268 – 29 November 1314), his successor, married Joan I of Navarre
3. Robert (1269–1271)
4. Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), Count of Valois from 1284, married first
to Margaret of Anjou in 1290, second to Catherine I of Courtenay in 1302, and last to Mahaut of
Chatillon in 1308
5. Stillborn son (1271)
After death of Queen Isabella, he married on 21 August 1274 Marie, daughter of the late Henry III, Duke of
Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant. Their children were:
1. Louis, Count of Évreux (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Count of Évreux from 1298, married Margaret of
Artois
2. Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria (1278 – 19 March 1305, Vienna), married the duke, the future
king Rudolf I of Bohemia and Poland, on 25 May 1300.
3. Margaret of France, Queen of England (1282 – 14 February 1318), married king Edward I of England on
8 September 1299
Ancestry
Ancestors of Philip III of France
16. Louis VII of France
8. Philip II of France
17. Adela of Champagne
4. Louis VIII of France
18. Baldwin V of Hainaut
9. Isabella of Hainaut
19. Margaret I of Flanders
2. Louis IX of France
20. Sancho III of Castile
10. Alfonso VIII of Castile
21. Blanche of Navarre
5. Blanche of Castile
22. Henry II of England
11. Eleanor of England
23. Eleanor of Aquitaine
1. Philip III of France
24. Alfonso II of Aragon
12. Alfonso II of Provence
25. Sancha of Castile
6. Ramon Berenguer IV of Provence
26. Rainer of Sabran
13. Garsenda of Sabran
27. Garsenda of Forcalquier
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Philip III of
France.
3. Margaret of Provence
28. Humbert III, Count of Savoy
14. Thomas, Count of Savoy
29. Beatrice of Viennois
7. Beatrice of Savoy
30. William I of Geneva
15. Margaret of Geneva
31. Beatrice of Faucigny
Notes
1. Elizabeth M. Hallam, Capetian France: 987-1328, (Longman House, 1980), 275.
2. Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty, (Continuum, 2007), 237.
3. The disease in question was eitherd ysentery or typhus; Riley-Smith 2005, pp. 210–211
4. Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty, 239.
5. Chaytor, p 105.
6. Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War:Trial by Battle, Vol. I, (Faber and Faber Limited, 1990), 24.
7. Cárdenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan [66 Little Stories of Catalan Country] (in French).
Perpignan: Ultima Necat. ISBN 978-2-36771-006-8. OCLC 893847466 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893847466).
8. Philip III, Yolanda de Pontfarcy, The Dante Encyclopedia, ed. Richard Lansing, (Routledge, 2010), 691.
9. Philip III the Bold, William Chester Jordan, Medieval France: An Encyclopedia, ed. William W. Kibler and Grover A.
Zinn, (Routledge, 2007), 727.
Sources
Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. 1933.
Philip III of France
House of Capet
Born: 30 April 1245 Died: 5 October 1285
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Louis IX
King of France
25 August 1270 – 5 October 1285
Succeeded by
Philip IV
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_III_of_France&oldid=764586946"
Categories: 1245 births 1285 deaths People from Poissy Burials at the Basilica of St Denis
Roman Catholic monarchs House of Capet Counts of Orléans Kings of France
Christians of the Eighth Crusade People of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
13th-century monarchs in Europe 13th-century French people Deaths from dysentery
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From Life Sketch

Philip III, called the Bold, was a Capetian King of France who reigned from 1270 to 1285. Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. He was born 30 April, 1245 in Poissy France. His parents were Louis IX King of France and Margaret of Provence.
He married Isabella of Aragon in 1262. Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Louis (1260).

While accompanying his father on the Eighth Crusade in Tunis in 1270, his father King Louis IX died of dysentery. Phillip was proclaimed king in Tunis.
Phillip, then 25, with neither a great personality, will or piousness, was a good rider. He owed his nickname "Bold" to his valor in combat rather than strength of character. Other deaths in his family followed that year. In December, in Sicily, his brother-in-law, King Thepbald II of Navarre died. Then Philip's sister Isabella. And tragically, a month later, in Calabria, his wife Isabella, while pregnant with their fifth child, fell off her horse. She broke her spine, miscarried and died in terrible pain at Cosenza..
Philip III arrived in Paris on May 21, 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. The next day the funeral of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King of France in Reims 15 August 1271.
Philip continued his father’s highly successful administration by keeping in office his able and experienced household clerks. Philip was less successful militarily. In 1276 he declared war to support the claims of his nephews as heirs in Castile but soon abandoned the venture. In 1284, at the instigation of Pope Martin IV, Philip launched a campaign against Peter III of Aragon, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers, in which the Aragonese opposed the Angevin rulers of Sicily. Philip crossed the Pyrenees with his army in May 1285, but the atrocities perpetrated by his forces provoked a guerrilla uprising. After a meaningless victory at Gerona and the destruction of his fleet at Las Hormigas, Philip was forced to retreat. Philip III died of dysentery on 5 October 1285. His son, Philip IV of France, "the Fair", succeeded him as king of France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon nearly bankrupted the French monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.
Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts and buried in different places : the flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La Noë abbey in Normandy, his heart to the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St. Denis, at the time north of Paris.
It is through Phillip's 1st marriage to Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France, daughter of King James I of Aragon that is our genealogical connection (through their 2nd son Philip IV King of France. They had 5 children: 1) Louis (died May 1276 poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother. 2) Philip IV of France (our connection), 3) Robert (1269-1271), 4) Charles, Count of Valois and 5) a stillborn child in 1271. After Isabella's death, Phillip remarried and had additional children.

Philip married de Brabant, Maria on 21 Aug 1274 in Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, Île-de-France, France. Maria (daughter of van Brabant, Hendrik III and de Bourgogne, Duchess Adélaïde) was born on 13 May 1254 in Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium; died on 12 Jan 1322 in Les Mureaux, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France; was buried after 12 Jan 1322 in Cordelier Convent, Paris, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Princess of Brabant
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of France
• FSID: L75S-J3P
• Appointments / Titles: Between 21 Aug 1274 and 5 Oct 1285; Queen Consort of France

Notes:

Marie of Brabant, Queen of France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Queen consort of France
Tenure 21 August 1274 – 5 October 1285
Born 13 May 1254 Leuven
Died 12 January 1322 (aged 67) Les Mureaux, France
Burial Cordeliers Convent, Paris
Spouse Philip III of France
Issue Louis d'Évreux
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
Margaret, Queen of England
House House of Reginar
Father Henry III, Duke of Brabant
Mother Adelaide of Burgundy
Religion Roman Catholic

Marie of Brabant (13 May 1254 – 12 January 1322[1]) was Queen consort of France by marriage to Philip III of France. Born in Leuven, Brabant, she was a daughter of Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy.

Queen
Marie married the widowed Philip III of France on 21 August 1274. His first wife, Isabella of Aragon, had already given birth to three surviving sons: Louis, Philip and Charles.

Philip was under the strong influence of his mother, Margaret of Provence and his minion, surgeon and chamberlain (Chambellan) Pierre de La Broce. Not being French, Marie stood out at the French court. In 1276, Marie's stepson Louis died under suspicious circumstances. Marie was suspected of ordering him to be poisoned. La Brosse, who was also suspected, was imprisoned and later executed for the murder. Margaret suspected Marie of ordering the death of Louis, and Philip did seem to agree more with his mother than his wife.

Queen dowager
After the death of Philip III in 1285, Marie lost some of her political influence, and dedicated her life to their three children: Louis (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Blanche (1278 - 19 March 1305) and Margaret (died in 1318). Her stepson, Philip IV was crowned king of France on 6 January 1286 in Reims. Together with Joan I of Navarre and Blanche of Artois, she negotiated peace in 1294 between England and France with Edmund Crouchback, the younger brother of Edward I of England.[2]

Marie lived through Philip IV's reign and she outlived her children. She died in 1321, aged 66, in the monastery at Les Mureaux, near Meulan, where she had withdrawn to in 1316. Marie was not buried in the royal necropolis of Basilica of Saint-Denis, but in the Cordeliers Convent, in Paris. Destroyed in a fire in 1580, the church was rebuilt in the following years.

Notes
1. Viard, VIII:362n3.
2. Morris, 267-268.

Sources
Morris, Marc (2008). Edward I and the Forging of Britain. Windmill Books 2009.

Grandes Chroniques de France. Jules Marie Édouard Viard, trans. and ed. Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, 1930.

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Categories: 1256 births 1321 deaths French queens consort Women of medieval France
People from Leuven House of Reginar
This page was last edited on 3 April 2017, at 14:22.
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