Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Gwynedd, Deheubarth, and Powys
• FSID: M1W5-BFF
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1055 and 1063, Wales; High King of Wales

Notes:

Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, King of the Britons
Birth: circa 1007, Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales
Immediate Family: son of Llewellyn ap Seisyll and Angharad verch Maredudd, husband of Guerta o Deheubarth and Ealdgyth, father of Nest ferch Gruffydd; Idwal ap Gruffydd; Maredudd ap Gruffydd and Owain Gruffudd, brother of Rhiwallon ap Llewelyn, half brother of Gwenwyn verch Cynfyn; Bleddyn Ap Cynfyn, King of Powys; Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, Prince of Powys; Angharad verch Cynfyn and Llewelyn ap Cynfyn

Update May 18 2018:
1039-Takes Powys and Gwynedd, kills Iago ap Idwal.
1045-Deheubarth is seized from him by Gruffydd ap Rhydderch who reigns over it for the next ten years.
1055-Gruffydd ap Llywelyn kills Gruffydd ap Rhydderch and regains Deheubarth.
1057-He becomes the first and last prince to unite and rule over all of Wales.
5 Aug 1063-Killed by his own men after his defeat in battle to Harold Godwinson
Per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Llywelyn His head was sent to Harold, the one who had defeated him. Then Harold married Gruffydd's widow, Ealdgyth, but Harold died 3 years later.

While many different leaders in Wales claimed the title of 'King of Wales', the country was only truly united once: under the rule of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn from 1055 to 1063.

His 1st wife's name in not known, his 2nd wife was Ealdgyth, daughter of Earl Ælfgar of Mercia; the 2 women should not be confused OR MERGED!

Gruffydd married of Mercia, Lady Ealdgyth in 1054 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales. Ealdgyth (daughter of of Mercia, Ælfgar and Mallet, Ælfgifu) was born in 1040 in Kingdom of Mercia, England; died in 1066 in Chester, Cheshire, England; was buried in 1066 in Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. verch Griffith, Guenta was born in 1050 in Dol, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died in 1084 in Wales.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: King of Wales
• FSID: 9376-JCH
• Appointments / Titles: 1018, Wales; King of Gwynedd and Powlys

Notes:

Llywelyn ap Seisyll (died 1023) was an 11th-century King of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth.

Llywelyn was the son of Seisyll, a man of whom little is known. Llewelyn first appears on record in 1018, that year he defeated and killed Aeddan ap Blegywryd along with four of his sons and obtained Gwynedd and Powys.

In 1022, a man named Rhain the Irishman was made king of Deheubarth, he claimed to be a son of Maredudd ab Owain, whose daughter Angharad had married Llywelyn. Llywelyn made war against Rhain, they fought a battle at Abergwili, and after a “slaughter on both sides” Rhain was killed allowing Llywelyn take control of Deheubarth.

Llywelyn, after his success against Rhain, died in 1023. The Brut y Tywysogion portrays Llywelyn’s reign as one of prosperity saying “complete in abundance of wealth and inhabitants; so that it was supposed there was neither poor nor destitute in all his territories, nor an empty hamlet, nor any deficiency.” Llywelyn was called "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster.

Llywelyn had one son called Gruffydd; he did not succeed his father, possibly because he was too young to do so. Gruffydd went on to become the first and only true King of Wales (the only one to rule over all the territory), however he was killed by his own men in 1063. Gruffydd’s own sons Maredudd and Idwal died in 1069, fighting at the Battle of Mechain.

As Llewelyn's grandfather is not known some scholars have said it was a man named Ednowain or Owain others Rhodri. Yet a more likely proposition is that Llewelyn was a nephew to King Cadell ap Brochwel of Powys, son of his younger brother Seisyll and that he did not acquire Powys by conquest but hereditary right and then conquered Gwynedd from Aeddan son of Blegywryd.

Llewelyn married verch Maredudd, Queen Angharad in 994. Angharad (daughter of ap Owain, King Maredudd and verch Hywel Dda, Lady Angharad) was born in 980 in Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died on 8 May 1058 in Powis Castle, Montgomeryshire, Wales; was buried in 1077 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Powys
• FSID: 9HVH-9GD

Notes:

Biography
Angharad verch Maredydd Queen of Powys was born in about 0982

Parents
Angharad's father was Maredydd ap Owain, son of Owain ap Hywel and Angharad verch Llewelyn.

994 First Marriage to Llywelyn ap Seisyll
In 994 Angharad married Llywelyn ap Seisyll.

The marriage of Angharad and Llywelyn is confirmed by the Chronicle of the Princes of Wales which records that "Bleddyn son of Cynvyn and Gruffudd son of Llywelyn were brothers by the same mother Angharad daughter of Meredudd king of the Britons".

Llywelyn was aged 14 at the time (so born in 980). The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Llywelyn son of Seisyllt lord of Maes Essyllt although but a youth not more than fourteen years of age" married "Yngharad, daughter of Meredydd on of Owain" in 994

1023 Anghard's Second Marriage to Cynfyn ap Gwerstan
As the widow of Llywelyn, Angharad married secondly in 1023 Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, King of Powys, son of Gwerstan.

Death
She died in Wales in 1077 (83-91)

Issue
Angharad had children by two marriages. Her second husband Cynfyn likely had children by a previous wife, and these children are sometimes mis-attributed to Angharad.

1.) Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, son of Angharad and her first husband Llewelyn. Gruffydd, king of Gwynedd & Powys was born about 1011 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales and died 5 August 1063. He was the child of Llywelyn ap Seisyllt and Angharad verch Maredudd. Gruffydd did not succeed his father, possibly because he was too young to do so when his father died in 1023. Gruffydd went on to become the first King of Wales, however he was killed by his own men in 1063. Gruffydd's own sons Maredudd and Idwal died in 1069, fighting at the Battle of Mechain. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn inflicted a series of defeats on the English, and made alliances with the enemies of King Edward the Confessor. Gruffydd fought a long campaign against rival kings to win overall control of Wales. By 1055, he had become master of Deheubarth and had expanded his rule to the lesser kingdoms of Morgannwg (Glamorgan) and Gwent. In 1063, Earl Harold Godwinsson (later Harold II) and his brother Tostig made a joint attack on Gwynedd. At the same time, Deheubarth rebelled against Gruffydd's rule. Gruffydd fled and was murdered by his own men. Gruffydd married Ealdgyth, a daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia. Ealdgyth married second in circa 1064 to Harold Godwinson, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. Ealdgyth and Gruffydd had a son: Maredudd ap Gruffydd who was excluded from the throne by his uncles Bleddyn ap Cynfyn and Rhywallon ap Cynfyn. Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, king of the Britons

2.) Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn ap Gwerystan, son of Angharad and Cynfyn, born c. 1024, was elevated to king of Powys after the death of Gruffudd ap Llewelyn Rhiwallon was killed in the Battle of Mechain, about 1068. This is the most concrete date associated with Rhiwallon. Warriors were generally young men, though the princes for whom they fought were often older and also expected to fight. Estimate that Rhiwallon was aged 45 at Mechain, and his birth year would be, say, 1025, or if the first born of his mother's second marriage, 1024. Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". Florence of Worcester records that he was appointed King of Powys by King Edward "the Confessor" after the defeat of Gruffydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "the action of Mechain took place between Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, Maredudd and Ithel, sons of Gruffudd" in 1068, adding that "Ithel was killed in the battle and Maredudd died of cold in his flight, and Rhiwallon son of Cynvyn was slain". The name of Rhiwallon´s wife is not known.

3.) Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, born c. 1025, who was made king of Gwynedd after Gruffudd's death in 1063, and additionally king of Powys when Rhiwallon was killed in 1069 Bleddyn ap Cynfyn of Deheubarth was born in 1025 and died in 1075. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn born about 1025 Montgomeryshire, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn was the son of Princess Angharad ferch Maredudd (of the Dinefwr dynasty of Deheubarth) and her second husband Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records in 1106 that "Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, were brothers, from Angharad daughter of king Maredudd". He succeeded his uterine half-brother in 1063 as King of Gwynedd and Powys. He married secondly m. Haer ferch Gillin, and thirdly a daughter of Brochwel

4.) Gwerfyl, born c. 1026, who married Gwrgan ap Ithel Ddu of Glamorgan, and was mother to Iestyn ap Gwrgan. Without naming her, Boyer, following Bartrum, notes a daughter of Cynfyn who married Gwrgan ab Ithel ab Idwallon ap Morgan Mawr (who was King of Morgannwg).

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GZ58-GFV

Seisyll married verch Eliseg, Trawst. Trawst (daughter of ap Anarawd, Prince Elisedd and verch Cunedda, Tegawr) was born in 940 in Gwynedd, Wales; died in 1035 in Dinefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LCRM-5HJ
• Life Event: 977, Flintshire, Wales; Marriage to Seisyll

Other Events and Attributes:

• House: Dinefwr
• FSID: LHW9-VZ4
• Alternate Birth: 951, Dynefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales
• Appointments / Titles: Between 986 and 999, Wales; King of Gwynedd
• Appointments / Titles: Between 988 and 999, Wales; King of Deheubarth

Notes:

Kings of Deheubarth
A Pre-Conquest Listing
www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kingdoms
Hywel Dda (the Good) 909-950
Rhodri ap Hywel 950-953 (joint)
Edwin ap Hywel 950-954 (joint)
Owain ap Hywel 950-987 (joint)
Maredudd ab Owain 987-999
Cynan ap Hywel 999-1005
Edwin ab Einion 1005-1018
Cadell ab Einion 1005-1018
Llywelyn ap Seisyll 1018-1023

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Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda (d 999), king of Deheubarth, He succeeded his aged father as sole ruler of Deheubarth in 986, and in the same year repeated the achievement of his grandfather by reuniting Gwynedd and Deheubarth for the period of his reign. In spite of domestice disharmony, he impressed contemporaries by his bold and aggressive leadership against Saxon and Dane. His greatest claim to fame rests, perhaps, on his relationship to Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, whose mother, Angharad, was Maredudd's daughter. [Dictionary of Welsh Biography p615]
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Maredudd ab Owain (d 999?) Welsh prince, was the son of Owain ap Hywel Dda. According to the sole authority, the contemporary 'Annales Cambriae,' he lived in the second period of Danish invasion, a time of great disorder in Wales as elsewhere, and first appears as the slayer of Cadwallon ab Idwal, king of Gwynedd, and the conqueror of his realm, which, however, he lost in the ensuing year. In 988, on the death of his father Owain, he succeeded in his dominions, viz. Glower, Kidwelly, Ceredigion, and Dyfed, the latter probably including Ystrad Tywi. His reign, which lasted until 999, was mainly spent in expeditions against his neighbours (Maesyfed was attacked in 991, Morgannwg in 993, Gwynedd in 994) and in repelling the incursions of the Danes. On one occasion he is said to have redeemed his subjects from the Danes at a penny a head.
Maredudd's only son, so far as in known, died before him. But so great was the prestige he acquired in his brief reign that his daughter, Angharad, was regarded, contrary to ordinary Welsh custom, as capable of transmitting some royal right to her descendants. Her first husband, Llywelyn ap Seisyll, ruled Gwynedd from about 1010 to 1023, their son, the well-known Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, from 1039 to 1063. By her second marriage with Cynfyn ap Gwerstan she had two other son, Rhiwallon and Gleddyn, of whom the latter, with no claim on the father's side, ruled Gwynedd and Powys from 1069 to 1075 and founded the mediaeval line of princes of Powys. [Dictionary of National Biography XII:1015]
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Ruled Deheubarth 986-999. From www.castlewales. com/debarth.html.
Maredudd brought the northern and western kingdoms once more into a transitory unity. But his death opened a period of prolonged turmoil in which internal conflicts were complicated and intensified by Anglo-Saxon and Norse intervention. The established dynasties were challenged by men who asserted themselves within the kingdoms and exercised ephemeral supremacies. Of these the most successful was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.
After Maredudd's death the combined kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth were ruled from Gwynedd by Cynan Ap Hywel from 999-1005.
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Maredudd became King of Deheubarth in 986 and directly proceeded to conquer Gwynedd. In 990 he raided and plundered Maes Hyfaidd (Radnorshire) which was then in the possession of the Mercians. In the same year the Saxons devastated his territory and in 993 it was wasted by the plague. Both the Danes and the Saxons caused him much trouble during his entire reign. His nephews also tried to regain Gwynedd, but he was successful over all his enemies. It is said that he obtained Powys through his mother which made him King of all Wales. In the Bruts he is acclaimed as the "most famous King of the Britons" (Lloyd). He died in 998 or 999 leaving an only daughter and sole heiress, Angharad. She married Llewelyn ap Sesyll, who assumed the reins of government. They had one son, Gruffydd. LLewelyn died in 1023 and the kingdom was held by others until 1039 when the son, Gruffydd, succeded to the throne. Angharad took unto herself a second husband, Cynfyn. [The Weaver Genealogy]
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Maredudd was a skilled military leader. He successfully controlled a Viking invasion of Anglesey and allowed some Viking settlement there - enabling him to use Viking forces for a raid on Morgannwg to his southeast in 992. He pushed the Saxons back across the generally recognized border between Welsh and Saxon lands.
He was, however, nagged by the designs of his nephews Tweder, Edwin and Cadell, sons of his brother Owain, who wanted some of the southern territories for themselved. Tewdwr was killed in one of these skirmished in 994.
While Maredudd ruled for thirteen years, after his death the kingdoms more or less fell apart with several competing claimants. Cynan ap Hywel, his 3rd cousin once removed, apparently ruled the combined kingdoms until his own death in 1003. They Llywelyn ap Seisyll took control of Gwynedd, and later, through marriage with Maredudd's daughter Angharad, controlled Deheubarth

Maredudd ab Owain (died c. 999) was a 10th-century king in Wales of the High Middle Ages. A member of the House of Dinefwr, his patrimony was the kingdom of Deheubarth comprising the southern realms of Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Brycheiniog. Upon the death of his father King Owain around AD 988, he also inherited the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys, which he had conquered for his father. He was counted among the Kings of the Britons by the Chronicle of the Princes.

Maredudd was the younger son of King Owain of Deheubarth and the grandson of King Hywel the Good. Owain had inherited the kingdom through the early death of his brothers and Maredudd, too, came to the throne through the death of his elder brother Einion around 984. Around 986, Maredudd captured Gwynedd from its king Cadwallon ab Ieuaf. He may have controlled all Wales apart from Gwent and Morgannwg.

Maredudd married verch Hywel Dda, Lady Angharad in 958 in Flintshire, Wales. Angharad was born in 943 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1019 in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Queen of Wales
• FSID: LH78-84G

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: G8WY-N28

Brochwel married verch Gwynnog, N.N.. N.N. (daughter of ap Lles Llawddeog, King Gwynnog Farfsych and verch Iorwerth, Fynwyla) was born in 925 in Wales; died in DECEASED in Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: LH75-VCD

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Prince of Gwynedd
• FSID: LCQX-XJS
• Alternate Birth: 880, Aberffraw, Malltraeth, Anglesey, Wales

Notes:

The Gwentian Chronicle records that "the Welsh gained their freedom…through the bravery and wisdom of Eidwal the Bald and his brother Elisseu…and Idwal son of Rhodri the Great."

Elisedd married verch Cunedda, Tegawr. Tegawr was born in 900 in Aberffraw Castle, Aberffraw, Anglesey, Wales; died in 942 in Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: GH4Y-42J

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: King of Deheubarth
• Appointments / Titles: King of South Wales
• FSID: 93QB-5WJ
• Appointments / Titles: Between 942 and 950; King of Gwynedd, jointly with his brothers.
• Appointments / Titles: 986; King of Deheubarth

Owain married verch Llywelyn, Queen Angharad in 932 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Angharad (daughter of ap Merfyn, Llywelyn and verch Llywarch, Malit) was born in 918 in Llandefeilog, Carmarthenshire, Wales; died in 1002 in Dinefwr Castle, Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales; was buried in 1002 in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Powys, Wales; Queen of Powys
• FSID: L71C-CSZ