Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; Baroness
• FSID: LRBW-T4W

Notes:

*DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES W/OUT READING INFO IN SOURCES! I'M TIRED OF FIXING THIS!*
Maud de Braose (1224-shortly before 23 March 1301) was a noble heiress, and one of the most important, being a member of the powerful de Braose family which held many lordships and domains in the Welsh Marches. She was the wife of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer, a celebrated soldier and Marcher baron.

A staunch Royalist during the Second Barons' War, she devised the plan to rescue Prince Edward (the future King Edward I of England) from the custody of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.

She is sometimes referred to as Matilda de Braose.

Family
Maud was born in Wales in 1224, the second eldest daughter and co-heiress of Marcher lord William de Braose and Eva Marshal. She was also a co-heiress to a portion of the Brewer estates, through her paternal grandmother Gracia, daughter of the prominent Angevin curialis William Brewer.

Maud had three sisters, Isabella, wife of Prince Dafydd ap Llywelyn; Eva, wife of William de Cantilupe; and Eleanor, wife of Humphrey de Bohun.

Her paternal grandparents were Reginald de Braose and Grecia de Briwere, and her maternal grandparents were William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, daughter of Strongbow and Aoife of Leinster.

On 2 May 1230, when Maud was just six years old, her father was hanged by orders of Llewelyn the Great, Prince of Wales for alleged adultery with the latter's wife, Joan, Lady of Wales.

Marriage and inheritance
In 1247 Maud married Roger Mortimer of Wigmore. An old manuscript (written in Latin) describing the foundation of Wigmore Abbey recorded that Rog (secundus)...Radulphi et Gwladusae filius wed Matildem de Brewys, filiam domini Willielmi de Brewys domini de Breghnoc. As the eldest son of Ralph de Mortimer and his Welsh wife, Princess Gwladys Ddu, Roger was himself a scion of another important Marcher family, and had succeeded his father in 1246, upon the latter's death. He was created 1st Baron Mortimer (of Wigmore) on an unknown date. Maud was seven years his senior, and they had been betrothed since childhood. He was the grandson of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, the man who had ordered the execution of her father.

Maud's inheritance was one quarter of one third of the barony of Miles of Gloucester and the lordship of Radnor, Wales. On the occasion of their marriage, the honour of Radnor passed from the de Braose to the Mortimer family, and her marriage portion was some land at Tetbury which she inherited from her grandfather, Reginald de Braose. She also had inherited the Manor of Charlton sometime before her marriage, as well as four knight's fees in Ireland, which passed to Roger. Roger and Maud's principal residence was the Mortimers' family seat, Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire.

Issue
Roger and Maud together had at least six children:

1.) Ralph Mortimer (died 10 August 1274), Sheriff of Shropshire and Staffordshire (1273).

2.) Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (1251-7 July 1304), married Margaret de Fiennes, daughter of William II de Fiennes and Blanche de Brienne, by whom he had issue, including Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.

3.) Margaret Mortimer (died September 1297), married Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford, by whom she had one son.

4.) Isabella Mortimer (died after 1300), married firstly, John Fitzalan, baron of Clun and Oswestry and de jure earl of Arundel, by whom she had issue; she married secondly, Robert de Hastang. She did not, as is incorrectly stated in Complete Peerage, marry Ralph d'Arderne.

5.) Roger Mortimer de Chirk (died 3 August 1326 Tower of London), married Lucy de Wafre, by whom he had one son. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for having participated in the Marcher rebellion (known as the Despenser War) in 1321-1322, along with his nephew, Roger, who led the revolt.

6.) William Mortimer (died before June 1297), married as her first husband, Hawise de Muscegros, daughter and heir of Robert de Muscegros.

The Second Barons' War

Rescue of Prince Edward
Maud was described as beautiful and nimble-witted. She, like all medieval women, was expected to govern her husband's estates, manage his business affairs, arbitrate in tenants' disputes, and defend the family property during the times he was absent. These tasks Maud performed with great skill and efficiency.

During the Second Barons' War, she also proved to be a staunch Royalist and was instrumental in rallying the other Marcher lords to the side of King Henry III. It was Maud herself who devised a plan for the escape of Prince Edward after he had been taken hostage by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester following the Battle of Lewes. On 28 May 1265, when the Prince was held in custody at Hereford Castle, Maud sent a party of horsemen to carry him away to Wigmore Castle while he was out in the open fields, some distance from the castle, taking exercise by racing horses with his unsuspecting guardians as she had instructed him to do in the messages she had smuggled to him previously. At a signal from one of the horsemen, Edward galloped off to join the party of his liberators, and they escorted him to Wigmore Castle, twenty miles away, where Maud was waiting. She supplied the Prince with food and drink before sending him on to Ludlow Castle where he met up with the Earl of Gloucester who had defected to the side of the King.

Simon de Montfort
At the Battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265, Maud's husband Roger fought on the side of Prince Edward, and personally killed Simon de Montfort. As a reward, Roger was given de Montfort's severed head and other parts of his anatomy, including his genitals. Roger sent these gruesome trophies home to Wigmore Castle as a gift to Maud. The noted medieval historian Robert of Gloucester confirmed this by recording, To dam Maud the Mortimer that wel foule it ssende. She held a great feast that very night to celebrate the victory, and de Montfort's head was elevated in the Great Hall, still attached to the point of the lance.

Legacy
In 1300, Maud is recorded as having presented to a vacant benefice in the Stoke Bliss parish church in Herefordshire, its advowson having originally belonged to the Mortimers, but was bequeathed to Limebrook Priory by Roger. Maud died on an unknown date shortly before 23 March 1301, and she was buried in Wigmore Abbey. Her husband Roger had died on 30 October 1282.

All the monarchs of England from 1413, as well as Mary, Queen of Scots, were directly descended from Maud, as is the current British Royal Family. Queen consorts Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr were also notable descendants of Maud de Braose through the latter's daughter Isabella, Countess of Arundel. Queen consorts Jane Seymour and Catherine Parr also descended from Maud's son, Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer.

Maud de Braose was described by author Linda E. Mitchell as the "perfect example of a woman who obviated the restrictions her sex placed upon her and succeeded in placing herself squarely at the centre of the political milieu in the areas under her domestic control". Mitchell goes on to eulogise her as "one of the great architects of the late medieval March", which were the words used by Welsh historian R. R. Davies to sum up Maud's husband.

Maud married de Mortimer, Baron Roger in 1247. Roger (son of de Mortimer, Sir Ralph and verch Llewelyn, Gwladys) was born in 1231 in Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; was christened in 1282; died on 27 Oct 1282 in Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; was buried on 30 Oct 1282 in Wigmore Abbey, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. de Mortimer, Baron Edmund I was born on 27 Oct 1252 in Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; died on 17 Jul 1304 in Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; was buried after 17 Jul 1304 in Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England.
2. de Mortimer, Countess Isabella was born in 1248 in Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; died in 1300 in England.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: "'Black William" Sixth baron of Aberwgavenny Braose
• Appointments / Titles: 6th Earl of Braose
• Appointments / Titles: Baron of Brecknock
• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Abergavenny
• FSID: LKTL-FDH
• Appointments / Titles: 1227; 10th Baron of Abergavenny
• Appointments / Titles: 1227; Lord of Builth

Notes:

William de Braose (c. 1197 – 2 May 1230) was the son of Reginald de Braose by his first wife, Grecia Briwere. . The Welsh, who detested him and his family name, called him Gwilym Ddu, Black William. He succeeded his father in his various lordships in 1227, including Abergavenny and Buellt. He was captured by the Welsh forces of Prince Llywelyn the Great, in fighting in the commote of Ceri near Montgomery, in 1228. William was ransomed for the sum of £2,000 and then furthermore made an alliance with Llywelyn, arranging to marry his daughter Isabella de Braose to Llywelyn's only legitimate son Dafydd ap Llywelyn. However, it became known that William had committed adultery with Llywelyn's wife, Joan, Lady of Wales, and Braose was taken at his own home and transported to Wales. The marriage planned between their two children did, however, take place. Llywelyn had William publicly hanged on 2 May 1230, possibly at Crogen, near Bala, though others believe the hanging took place near Llywelyn's palace at Abergwyngregyn. William's wife Eva continued to hold de Braose lands and castles in her own right, after the death of her husband. She was listed as the holder of Totnes in 1230, and was granted 12 marks to strengthen Hay Castle by King Henry III on the Close Rolls (1234–1237). Per Wikipedia.org--WILLIAM DE BRAOSE (DIED 1230).

William was hanged for an adulterous affair with Joan Plantagenet, wife of Llewelyn Fawr

William married Marshal, Lady Eva in 1223 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales. Eva (daughter of Marshal, Earl William and FitzGilbert, Isabel de Clare) was born on 16 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; was christened between 8 Apr and 7 May 1206 in St David's, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died in 1246 in Llanthony, Monmouthshire, Wales; was buried in 1246 in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 948L-FYP

Notes:

BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#IsabelMarshaldied1240

EVA (-before 1246). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that "quinta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Eva" married "Willielmo de Brewes"[1049]. A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names “Willielmus de Brews quartus” married “Evam filiam domini Willielmi Mareschalli”[1050]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a letter from "L. princeps" to "domino W. Marescallo comiti Penbrochiæ" assuring him that he still wishes the proposed marriage between "neptem vestram et filium nostrum David" to take place[1051]. m WILLIAM de Briouse Lord of Abergavenny, son of REYNALD de Briouse & his first wife Grecia de Briwere (-hanged 2 May 1230).

** from English Baronies, p 63

Eve, who inherited one-tenth of the honour of Long Crendon, m. William de Braose d. 1230. She died c. 1246 leaving Maud, Isabel, Eleanor, Eve.

** from http://www.renderplus.com/hartgen/htm/de-braose.htm

Eve - continued to hold Braose lands and castles in her own right after the death of her husband. Dugdale mentions her as holder of Totnes in 1230. It is recorded in the Close Rolls (1234-7) that Henry III granted 12 marks to her to strengthen the castle at Hay.

** from Wikipedia listing for Eva Marshal
Eva Marshal (1203 – 1246) was a Cambro-Norman noblewoman and the wife of the powerful Marcher lord William de Braose. She was the daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and the granddaughter of Strongbow and Aoife of Leinster.

She held de Braose lands and castles in her own right following the public hanging of her husband by the orders of Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales.

Family and marriage
Lady Eva was born in 1203, in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales, the fifth daughter and tenth child of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke. Her paternal grandparents were John Marshal and Sibyl of Salisbury, and her maternal grandparents were Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, known to history as Strongbow and Aoife of Leinster, for whom she was probably named.

Lady Eva was the youngest of ten children, having had five older brothers and four older sisters. Eva and her sisters were described as being handsome, high-spirited girls. From 1207 to 1212, Eva and her family lived in Ireland.

Sometime before 1221, she married Marcher lord William de Braose, who in June 1228 succeeded to the lordship of Abergavenny,[n 1] and by whom she had four daughters. William was the son of Reginald de Braose and his first wife Grecia Briwere. He was much hated by the Welsh who called him Gwilym Ddu or Black William.
Pembroke Castle, Wales, the birthplace of Eva Marshal

Issue
Isabella de Braose (b.1222), married Prince Dafydd ap Llywelyn. She died childless.
Maud de Braose (1224 – 1301), in 1247, she married Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore, by whom she had issue, including Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer and Isabella Mortimer, Countess of Arundel.
Eva de Braose (1227 – 28 July 1255), married William de Cantelou, by whom she had issue.
Eleanor de Braose (c.1228 – 1251). On an unknown date after August 1241, she married Humphrey de Bohun. They had two sons, Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and Gilbert de Bohun, and one daughter, Alianore de Bohun. All three children married and had issue. Eleanor was buried in Llanthony Secunda Priory.

Widowhood
Eva's husband was publicly hanged by Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales on 2 May 1230 after being discovered in the Prince's bedchamber together with his wife Joan, Lady of Wales. Several months later, Eva's eldest daughter Isabella married the Prince's son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, as their marriage contract had been signed prior to William de Braose's death. Prince Llywelyn wrote to Eva shortly after the execution, offering his apologies, explaining that he had been forced to order the hanging due to the insistence by the Welsh lords. He concluded his letter by adding that he hoped the execution would not affect their business dealings.

Following her husband's execution, Eva held de Braose lands and castles in her own right. She is listed as holder of Totnes in 1230, which she held until her death. It is recorded on the Close Rolls (1234–1237) that Eva was granted 12 marks by King Henry III of England to strengthen Hay Castle. She had gained custody of Hay as part of her dower.

In early 1234, Eva was caught up in her brother Richard's rebellion against King Henry and possibly acted as one of the arbitrators between the King and her mutinous brothers following Richard's murder in Ireland. This is evidenced by the safe conduct she received in May 1234, thus enabling her to speak with the King. By the end of that month, she had a writ from King Henry granting her seisen of castles and lands he had confiscated from her following her brother's revolt. Eva also received a formal statement from the King declaring that she was back in "his good graces again".

She died in 1246 at the age of forty-three.

Royal descendants
Most notably through her daughter Maud, who married Roger Mortimer, she was the ancestress of the English kings: Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III, and all monarchs from Henry VIII onwards. She was also the ancestress of Queen consorts Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr by three of her four daughters; Eleanor, Maud, and Eva de Braose.

Notes
Although he held the lordship in tenancy, he never held the title Lord Abergavenny.

References
Cawley, Charles (2010). Medieval Lands, Earls of Pembroke 1189-1245( Marshal)
Costain, Thomas B.(1959). The Magnificent Century. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company Inc. p.103
Gen-Medieval-L Archives, retrieved on 7 November 2009
Close Rolls (1234-1237)
Linda Elizabeth Mitchell (2003). Portraits of Medieval Women: Family, Marriage and Politics in England 1225-1350. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. p.47
Mitchell, p.47

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: 9th Baron Abergavenny
• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Brecon
• Alternate Birth: 1182, Bramber Castle, Bramber, Sussex, England

Notes:

Reginald de Braose
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reginald de Braose (died June 1228) was one of the sons of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber and Matilda, also known as Maud de St. Valery and Lady de la Haie. Her other children included William and Giles.[1]

The de Braoses were loyal to King Richard I but grew in power under King John of England. The dynasty was in conflict with King John towards the end of his reign and almost lost everything. Reginald de Braose was a scion of the powerful Marcher family of de Braose, helped manage its survival and was also related by marriage to the Welsh Princes of Wales.

Magna Carta
He supported his brother Giles de Braose in his rebellions against King John. Both brothers were active against the King in the Baron's War. Neither was present at the signing of Magna Carta in June 1215 because at this time they were still rebels who refused to compromise.

Restoration of royal favour
King John acquiesced to Reginald's claims to the de Braose estates in Wales in May 1216. Reginald became Lord of Brecon, Abergavenny, Builth and held other Marcher Lordships but was also very much a vassal of the Welsh leader Llewelyn Fawr, Prince of Gwynedd who had become his father-in-law in 1215 [2] when Reginald married Llywelyn's daughter, Gwladus Ddu.

Henry III restored Reginald to favour and the Bramber estates (confiscated by King John) in 1217.

Welsh wars
At this seeming betrayal, Rhys and Owain, Reginald's Welsh nephews who were Princes of Deheubarth, were incensed and took Builth, except the castle. Llywelyn Fawr also became angry and his forces besieged Brecon. Reginald eventually surrendered to Llewelyn and gave up Seinhenydd (Swansea). By 1221 they were at war again, with Llewelyn again laying siege to Builth. The siege was relieved by King Henry III's forces. From this time on Llewelyn tended to support the claims of Reginald's nephew John de Braose concerning the de Braose lands in Wales.

Reginald was a witness to the re-issue of Magna Carta by King Henry III in 1225. He died two or three years later in 1227 or 1228 in Brecon and was succeeded by his son by his first wife, Graecia Briwere (or Brewer), daughter of William Brewer, 1st Baron Brewer, the ill-fated William de Braose. He was buried in Brecon Priory Church (now Brecon Cathedral).

It may be that the Matilda de Braose who was the wife of Rhys Mechyll, Prince of Deheubarth was the daughter of Reginald.

See also
House of Braose

Notes
1. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography underB riouze [Braose], William (III) de
2. Brut y Tywysogion

References
Complete Peerage, G E Cokayne, Vol 1 pages 21–22 for the family of Reginald

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reginald_de_Braose&oldid=780057425"
Categories: 1228 deaths Anglo-Normans Anglo-Normans in Wales History of Swansea
Feudal barons of Abergavenny Feudal Barons of Bramber
This page was last edited on 12 May 2017, at 17:51.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Maud and William De Braose are reputed to have had 16 children.The best documented of these are listed below.
Issue:
1. Maud de Braose (died 29 December 1210), married Gruffydd ap Rhys II, by whom she had two sons, Rhys and Owain.
2. William de Braose (died 1210). Starved to death with his mother in either Windsor or Corfe Castle. He married Maud de Clare, daughter of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, by whom he had issue, including John de Braose.
3. Margaret de Braose (died after 1255), married Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath, son of Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath and Rohese of Monmouth.
4. Reginald de Braose (died between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228), married firstly, Grace, daughter of William Briwere, and secondly, in 1215, Gwladus Ddu, daughter of Welsh Prince Llewelyn the Great. He had issue by his first wife, including William de Braose, who married Eva Marshal.
5. Giles de Braose, Bishop of Hereford (died 13 November 1215)
6. John de Braose (died before 27 May 1205), married Amabil de Limesi.
7. Loretta de Braose, married Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester. She died without issue.
8. Annora de Braose, married Hugh de Mortimer and later became a recluse at Iffley.
9. Flandrina de Braose, Abbess of Godstow, (elected 1242, deposed 1248).

Reginald married de Briwere, Grecia in 1203 in Brecknock, Breconshire, Wales. Grecia was born in 1176 in Stoak, Cheshire, England; died in 1223 in Bramber, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Lady

Other Events and Attributes:

• Affiliation: Knight Templar
• Appointments / Titles: Marshall of England
• Nickname: The Protector
• FSID: LBGV-7WG
• Military: 1166; Knighted
• Appointments / Titles: 1189, Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; 1st Earl of Pembroke
• Appointments / Titles: 1194; He succeeded his brother as Master Marshal of the king's household.
• Appointments / Titles: 27 May 1199, Pembrokeshire, Wales; 1st Earl
• Military: 1204; besieged Kilgerran
• Affiliation: 1215, Evesham, Worcestershire, England; one of the knights to secure the Magna Carta
• Military: 20 May 1217, Lincoln Castle, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England; Custom Event • Military 20 May 1217 Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England Defeated traitorous English and French forces besieging the Castle of Lincol
• Death: 14 May 1219, Caversham Manor, Caversham, Oxfordshire, England

Notes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (Welsh: Iarll 1af Penfro) (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame le Mareschal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman.[1] He served five English kings – Henry II, his sons The "Young King" Henry, Richard I, and John, and John's son Henry III.

Knighted in 1166, he spent his younger years as a knight errant and a successful tournament competitor; Stephen Langton eulogized him as the "best knight that ever lived."[2] In 1189, he received the title of Earl of Pembroke through marriage during the second creation of the Pembroke Earldom. In 1216, he was appointed protector for the nine-year-old Henry III, and regent of the kingdom.

Before him, his father's family held a hereditary title of Marshal to the king, which by his father's time had become recognized as a chief or master Marshalcy, involving management over other Marshals and functionaries. William became known as 'the Marshal', although by his time much of the function was actually delegated to more specialized representatives (as happened with other functions in the King's household). Because he was an Earl, and also known as the Marshal, the term "Earl Marshal" was commonly used and this later became an established hereditary title in the English Peerage.[3]

Upon his return during the course of 1185 William rejoined the court of King Henry II, and now served the father as a loyal captain through the many difficulties of his final years. The returns of royal favour were almost immediate. The king gave William the large royal estate of Cartmel in Cumbria, and the keeping of Heloise, the heiress of the northern barony of Lancaster. It may be that the king expected him to take the opportunity to marry her and become a northern baron, but William seems to have had grander ambitions for his marriage. In 1188 faced with an attempt by Philip II to seize the disputed region of Berry, Henry II summoned the Marshal to his side. The letter by which he did this survives, and makes some sarcastic comments about William's complaints that he had not been properly rewarded to date for his service to the king. Henry therefore promised him the marriage and lands of Dionisia, lady of Châteauroux in Berry. In the resulting campaign, the king fell out with his heir Richard, count of Poitou, who consequently allied with Philip II against his father. In 1189, while covering the flight of Henry II from Le Mans to Chinon, William unhorsed the undutiful Richard in a skirmish. William could have killed the prince but killed his horse instead, to make that point clear. He is said to have been the only man ever to unhorse Richard. Nonetheless after Henry's death, Marshal was welcomed at court by his former adversary, now King Richard I, who was wise to include a man whose legendary loyalty and military accomplishments were too useful to ignore, especially in a king who was intending to go on Crusade.[1]

During the old king's last days he had promised the Marshal the hand and estates of Isabel de Clare (c.1172–1220), but had not completed the arrangements. King Richard however, confirmed the offer and so in August 1189, at the age of 43, the Marshal married the 17-year-old daughter of Richard de Clare (Strongbow). Her father had been Earl of Pembroke, and Marshal acquired large estates and claims in England, Wales, Normandy and Ireland. Some estates however were excluded from the deal. Marshal did not obtain Pembroke and the title of earl, which his father-in-law had enjoyed, until 1199, as it had been taken into the king's hand in 1154. However, the marriage transformed the landless knight from a minor family into one of the richest men in the kingdom, a sign of his power and prestige at court. They had five sons and five daughters, and have numerous descendants.[1] William made numerous improvements to his wife's lands, including extensive additions to Pembroke Castle and Chepstow Castle.[12]

William was included in the council of regency which the King appointed on his departure for the Third Crusade in 1190. He took the side of John, the king's brother, when the latter expelled the justiciar, William Longchamp, from the kingdom, but he soon discovered that the interests of John were different from those of Richard. Hence in 1193 he joined with the loyalists in making war upon him. In spring 1194, during the course of the hostilities in England and before King Richard's return, William Marshal's elder brother John Marshal (who was serving as seneschal) was killed while defending Marlborough for the king's brother John. Richard allowed Marshal to succeed his brother in the hereditary marshalship, and his paternal honour of Hamstead Marshall. The Marshal served the king in his wars in Normandy against Philip II. On Richard's death-bed the king designated Marshal as custodian of Rouen and of the royal treasure during the interregnum.[1]

On 11 November 1216 at Gloucester, upon the death of King John, William Marshal was named by the king's council (the chief barons who had remained loyal to King John in the First Barons' War) to serve as protector of the nine-year-old King Henry III, and regent of the kingdom. In spite of his advanced age (around 70) he prosecuted the war against Prince Louis and the rebel barons with remarkable energy. In the battle of Lincoln he charged and fought at the head of the young King's army, leading them to victory. He was preparing to besiege Louis in London when the war was terminated by the naval victory of Hubert de Burgh in the straits of Dover. [1]

Through his daughter Isabel, William is ancestor to both the Bruce and Stewart kings of Scots.

Through his granddaughter Maud de Braose, William is ancestor to the last Plantagenet kings, Edward IV through Richard III, and all English monarchs from Henry VIII and afterward.

William married FitzGilbert, Isabel de Clare on 8 Aug 1189 in London, Middlesex, England. Isabel was born between 8 Feb and 7 Mar 1172 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; was christened in Tintern Abbey, Tintern, Monmouthshire, Wales; died on 11 Mar 1220 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; was buried after 11 Mar 1220 in Tintern Abbey, Tintern, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Baroness Gamage
• Appointments / Titles: 4th Countess of Pembroke
• FSID: K451-575
• Appointments / Titles: 1189; Countess of Pembroke and Striguil

Notes:

Isabel de Clare, suo jure 4th Countess of Pembroke and Striguil (c. 1172 - 11 March 1220), was an Anglo-Irish noblewoman and one of the wealthiest heiresses in Wales and Ireland.[1] She was the wife of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, who served three successive kings as Marshal of England. Her marriage had been arranged by King Richard I.

Isabel was one of two known legitimate children of Earl Richard "Strongbow". Isabel may have been older than her brother Gilbert, who was born in 1173 but died a teenager soon after 1185, at which point Isabel became the heir to her parents' great estates in England, Wales and Leinster. Her mother was the daughter of Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster and Mór ingen Muirchertaig. The latter was a daughter of Muirchertach Ua Tuathail and Cacht ingen Loigsig. The marriage of Strongbow and Aoife took place in August 1170, the day after the capture of Waterford by the Cambro-Norman forces led by Strongbow.[2]

Isabel's paternal grandparents were Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and his wife Isabel de Beaumont. Deprived of his father Gilbert's estate of Pembrokeshire by the king in 1153 when he succeeded as a child, Richard Strongbow continued to assert he was an earl, but took his title as Striguil (the Welsh name for the lordship of Chepstow, centre of his estates in the southern March of Wales).[3] The earldom of Pembroke was not forgotten however, and in 1199 it was recreated and awarded to Isabel's husband, William Marshal, undoubtedly on the basis of Isabel's hereditary claim to it. In this way, Isabel could be said to be the successor in the earldom of Pembroke to her grandfather Gilbert, the first earl, especially as her husband before 1199 was meticulous in referring to her as 'Countess Isabel'.[4]

Isabel was described as having been "the good, the fair, the wise, the courteous lady of high degree".[5] She allegedly spoke French, Irish and Latin.[6] After her brother Gilbert's death, Isabel became one of the wealthiest heiresses in the kingdom, owning besides the titles of Pembroke and Striguil, much land in Wales and Ireland.[1] She also had a hereditary claim on the numerous castles on the inlet of Milford Haven, guarding the St George's Channel, including Pembroke Castle.[1] She was a ward of King Henry II, who carefully watched over her inheritance, and who we find in 1189 had confided her to the keeping of Ranulf de Glanville chief justiciar of England.[7]

Marriage
The new King Richard I arranged her marriage in August 1189 to William Marshal, regarded by many as the greatest knight and soldier in the realm. Henry II had promised Marshal he would be given Isabel as his bride, and his son and successor Richard upheld the promise one month after his accession to the throne. At the time of her marriage, Isabel was residing in the Tower of London in the protective custody of the Justiciar of England, Ranulf de Glanville.[5] Following the wedding, which was celebrated in London "with due pomp and ceremony",[5] they spent their honeymoon at Stoke d'Abernon in Surrey which belonged to Enguerrand d'Abernon.[8]

Marriage to Isabel elevated William Marshal from the status as military captain and knight into one of the richest men in the kingdom. He would serve as Lord Marshal of England, four kings in all: Henry II, Richard I, John, and Henry III. Although Marshal did not become Earl of Pembroke until 1199 - a revival of the title by King John as an act of favour - he nevertheless assumed overlordship of Leinster in Ireland and the Marcher lordships of Chepstow and Usk with Isabel's many other estates in several English counties, which belonged to her father's and her own earldom of Striguil.

Marshal and Isabel did not sail to Ireland till 1200, after taking possession of Pembroke. He left her behind him on his return to England.[9] She may have ruled Leinster in his absence till as late as 1203, with as her seneschal a Wiltshire knight, Geoffrey fitz Robert, who was married to Isabel's aunt, Basilia, a sister of Strongbow.[10] Isabel is credited with playing a major part at this time in the foundation of the borough known as New Ross.[11] Isabel was again left to rule Leinster in 1207-8 during her husband's house arrest at the court of King John when, though pregnant, she successfully led the campaign which defeated the rebel barons of the province.[12]

The marriage was happy, despite the vast difference in age between them. William Marshal and Isabel produced a total of five sons and five daughters.[1]

Widowhood
Isabel lived as a widow for only ten months after the death of William Marshal, though it was by no means an uneventful period, which has left a good deal of evidence as to how a great heiress such as she was, managed her affairs when she came into full control of her inheritance. She wrote within days to the papal legate and the justiciar of England asking for prompt delivery of her lands, and on 18 June 1219 the justiciar issued writs ordering local officers to hand over, to her, control of her inheritance in four English counties and in Ireland. Pembroke is not mentioned, which hints that her eldest son may have directly inherited the earldom as it may have been treated as a royal grant to his father, not as part of his mother's inheritance. The marcher lordship of Striguil also came to her. In July she was in France, where she successfully negotiated with King Philip Augustus the possession of her Norman inheritance. While there, she and her son opened negotiations with the king for the marriage of the younger William Marshal with his first cousin, a ploy which caused panic at the English court and a counter-offer of marriage to King Henry III's youngest sister Eleanor.[13] There is evidence that she made good use of her eldest son as her agent in managing the great estates that were hers to dispose of in the months she had them, both of them stonewalling her late husband's executors to avoid paying the debts he left. In February 1220 she was mortally ill at Chepstow, and on 2 March her son is found at Cirencester en route to Wales to attend her deathbed. Tintern Abbey sources give her death as 11 March 1220.[14] She was buried in the north choir aisle of the family abbey of Tintern, next to her mother Aiofe.[15]

Issue
1. William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1190 – 6 April 1231). Chief Justiciar of Ireland. He married firstly, Alice de Bethune, and secondly, Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of King John.
2. Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1191 – 1 April 1234 Kilkenny Castle, Ireland), married Gervase le Dinant. He died childless.
3. Maud Marshal (1192 – 27 March 1248). She married firstly, Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, by whom she had issue; she married secondly, William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey, by whom she had issue, including John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey who married Alice le Brun de Lusignan; she married thirdly, Walter de Dunstanville. Five queen consorts of Henry VIII: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr were her descendants.
4. Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke (1194 – 27 June 1241). He married firstly, Marjorie of Scotland, daughter of King William I of Scotland; and secondly, Maud de Lanvaley. He is know to have had an illegitimate daughter while a young cleric, whom he married to Maelgwyn Fychan, a prince of the royal house of Deheubarth.
5. Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke (1196 – 24 November 1245). He married Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln, widow of John de Lacy, 1st Earl of Lincoln, as her second husband. The marriage was childless.
6. Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke (1198 – 22 December 1245). He married Maud de Bohun. He died childless.
7. Isabel Marshal (9 October 1200 – 17 January 1240). She married firstly, Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford; and secondly, Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall. She had issue by both marriages. King Robert I of Scotland and Queen consorts Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr were descendants.
8. Sibyl Marshal (1201 – before 1238), married William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby, by whom she had issue. Queen consort Catherine Parr was a descendant.
9. Joan Marshal (1202–1234), married Warin de Munchensi, Lord of Swanscombe, by whom she had issue. Both queen consorts Jane Seymour and Catherine Parr were descendants.
10. Eva Marshal (1203–1246), married William de Braose (died 1230). Queen consorts Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr were her descendants.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_de_Clare,_4th_Countess_of_Pembroke

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Lord of Gower, Abergavenny, Brecknock, Builth, Radnor, Kington, Limerick, Glamorgan, Skenfrith, Briouze in Normandy, Grosmont, and White Castle
• FSID: 9HTG-9V9
• Appointments / Titles: Between 1192 and 1199, Herefordshire, England; Sheriff of Herefordshire
• Military: 1195, Painscastle, Radnorshire, Wales; The castle remained in Welsh hands until about 1195 when the area was captured by William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, who refortified the castle. His formidable wife Maud de Braose, also known as Matilda, held Painscastle against the Welsh for a few m

Notes:

William de Braose, (or William de Briouze), 4th Lord of Bramber (1144/1153 – 9 August 1211), court favourite of King John of England, at the peak of his power, was also Lord of Gower, Abergavenny, Brecknock, Builth, Radnor, Kington, Limerick, Glamorgan, Skenfrith, Briouze in Normandy, Grosmont, and White Castle.
William was the most notable member of the de Braose dynasty. His steady rise and sudden fall at the hands of King John is often taken as an example of that king's arbitrary and capricious behaviour towards his barons.

William was the son of William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber and his wife Bertha of Hereford, also known as Bertha de Pitres, (born 1130) daughter of Miles Fitz Walter, Earl of Hereford and his wife, Sibyl, daughter of Bernard de Neufmarche. From his father he inherited the Rape of Bramber, in Sussex, and through his mother he inherited a large estate in the Welsh Marches area of modern-day Monmouthshire.

In 1175, William de Braose carried out the Abergavenny Massacre, luring three Welsh princes and other Welsh leaders to their deaths. His principal antagonist was a Seisyll ap Dyfnwal, of Castell Arnallt near Llanover in the valley of the River Usk near Abergavenny, whom he blamed for the death of his uncle Henry. After having invited the Welsh leaders to a Christmas feast at Abergavenny Castle under the pretense of peace and the start of a new era at the end of the year (a traditional time for settling outstanding differences amongst the Welsh), he had them murdered by his men. This resulted in great hostility against him among the Welsh, who named him the "Ogre of Abergavenny". Gerald of Wales exonerates him and emphasizes the religious piety of de Braose and his wife and de Braose generosity to the priories of Abergavenny and Brecon. William de Braose did however reputedly hunt down and kill Seisyll ap Dyfnwal's surviving son, Cadwaladr, a boy of seven.

In 1192 William de Braose was made sheriff of Herefordshire, a post he held until 1199. In 1196 he was made Justice Itinerant for Staffordshire. In 1195 he accompanied King Richard I of England to Normandy and in 1199, William de Braose fought beside Richard at Châlus, where the king was mortally wounded. He then supported King John's claim to the throne of England, and represented the new king, making various royal grants.

In 1203, William de Braose was put in charge of Arthur of Brittany, whom he had personally captured the previous year at the Battle of Mirebeau. William was suspected of involvement in Arthur's disappearance and death, although no concrete evidence ever came to light. There is somewhat better evidence that he at least knew the truth of the matter. William was in attendance with John in Normandy at the time of Arthur of Brittany's imprisonment and it was alleged that Arthur suffered the same fate as the Welsh princes at William's hand, although this has never been proven. Arthur's death remains a mystery. After Arthur disappeared, De Braose served in the war of 1204 against King Philip II of France in France.

He was greatly favoured by King John early in his reign. John granted him all that he might conquer from the Welsh in Radnorshire, gave him lordship over Limerick in Ireland (save for the city itself), possession of Glamorgan castle, and the Lordship of Gower with its several castles.

In early 1200, King John deprived Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler of all his offices and lands in Ireland because of his irregularities as sheriff. His lands were not restored until January 1202. ...
Before 1206 William successfully claimed half of the barony of Totnes from Henry de Nonant, to which family it had been granted after its forfeiture from Juhel de Totnes.
In 1206, after his service in France, King John gave William de Braose the three great neighbouring trilateral castles of Gwent (Skenfrith Castle, Grosmont Castle, and White Castle). These have been interpreted as bribes encouraging silence on the demise of Arthur, seen by many as a rightful heir to the throne occupied by John of England.

At this point only an earldom separated him from the greatest in England.

Soon after this, William de Braose fell out of favour with King John of England. The precise reasons remain obscure. King John cited overdue monies that de Braose owed the Crown from his estates, but the King's actions went far beyond what would be necessary to recover the debt. He distrained (seized) de Braose's English estates in Sussex and Devon, and sent a force to invade Wales to seize the de Braose domains there. Beyond that, he sought de Braose's wife, Maud de St. Valery, who, the story goes, had made no secret of her belief that King John had murdered Arthur of Brittany.

De Braose fled to Ireland, then returned to Wales as King John had him hunted in Ireland. In Wales, William allied himself to the Welsh Prince Llywelyn the Great, and helped him in his rebellion against King John.

In 1210, William de Braose fled Wales disguised as a beggar, to France. His wife and eldest son were captured. William died the following year in August 1211 at Corbeil, France. He was buried in the Abbey of St. Victor in Paris by a fellow exile and vociferous opponent of King John, Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury. His hopes to return alive to Wales and for a burial in Brecon were to be unfulfilled. William's wife, Maud, and eldest son, William, once captured, were allegedly murdered by King John, possibly starved to death while incarcerated at Windsor Castle and Corfe Castle in 1210.

While William had aroused the jealousy of the other barons during his rise, the arbitrary and violent manner of his fall very probably discomfited them and played a role in the Baronial uprisings of the next decade. The historian Sidney Painter, in his biography of King John, called it "the greatest mistake John made during his reign, as the King revealed to his Barons once and for all his capacity for cruelty."

The de Braose lineage
1. William de Braose's eldest son, William, married Maud (Matilda) de Clare (ca. 1184–1213), the daughter of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford. This younger William was captured with his mother and starved to death in 1210. He had fathered four sons, John, Giles, Philip and Walter and although they were also held in prison, they were released in 1218. John, the eldest, was said to have been brought up secretly, in Gower, by a Welsh ally or retainer. On his release he came under the care of his uncle Giles de Braose. John made a claim to being the rightful heir of the de Braose lands and titles and although the courts did not find for him, his other uncle Reginald de Braose was able to cede by a legal convention the Baronies of both Gower and Bramber to him for a fee. This established John's branch of the family and positioned it for survival at least or, at best, an opportunity for continued future power and influence.
2. The middle son, Giles de Braose, exiled in France until 1213, was Bishop of Hereford from 1200 until his death in 1215. He made peace with King John and agreed terms for regaining de Braose lands in 1215 but had also made alliances with the Welsh leader Llywelyn the Great. He died in 1215 before he could come into the lands.
3. William's third son, Reginald de Braose reacquired his father's lands and titles for himself through simply seizing them back by force following the death of Giles. Reginald did not actually come to terms with the Crown until 1217 and the new, young King Henry III of England, after the death of King John. This, in turn, aroused the anger of Llywelyn the Great who had an understanding with Giles de Braose and the seeming duplicity caused the Welsh to attack de Braose lands in Brecon and Abergavenny and Gower. Abergavenny Castle had to be rebuilt as a result. Reginald de Braose died in 1228.
4. William's eldest daughter Matilda/Maud married a prominent Welsh prince, Gruffydd ap Rhys II of Deheubarth.
5. Another daughter, Margaret, married Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath in Ireland and himself another powerful Marcher Lord.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Braose,_4th_Lord_of_Bramber

William married de Valéry, Lady Maud in 1167 in Bramber Castle, Bramber, Sussex, England. Maud (daughter of de Valéry, Bernard IV and de Valéry, Matilda) was born on 30 Nov 1155 in France; died in 1210 in Corfe Castle, Dorset, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Appointments / Titles: Lady of la Haie
• FSID: 99KP-CPN

Notes:

◆ Refused To Yield Sons As Hostages To King John After He Murdered His Nephew Arthur
◆ Walled Up Within Her Castle With Son William By King John In 1210; Starved.
◆ Earned John's Enmity By Accusing Him Of Murder Of Arthur, Duke Of Brittany.
◆ Final Imprisonment Ended With Her Insanely Gnawing On Her Son William's Face.
◆
Maud de Braose, Lady of Bramber (c. 1155 – 1210) was an English noble, the spouse of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, a powerful Marcher baron and court favourite of King John of England. She would later incur the wrath and enmity of the King who caused her to be starved to death in the dungeon of Corfe Castle along with her eldest son. In contemporary records, she was described as beautiful, very wise, doughty, and vigorous. She kept up the war against the Welsh and conquered much from them.

She features in many Welsh myths and legends; and is also known to history as Matilda de Braose, Moll Wallbee, and Lady of La Haie.

She was born Maud de St. Valery (Maud de Saint-Valéry) in France in about 1155, the child of Bernard de St. Valéry of Hinton Waldrist in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) and his first wife, Matilda. Her paternal grandfather was Reginald de St. Valéry (died c.1162).

She had many siblings and half-siblings, including Thomas de St. Valéry (died 1219), who was a son of Bernard by his second wife Eleanor de Domnart. Thomas married Adele de Ponthieu, by whom he had a daughter, Annora, who in her turn married Robert III, Count of Dreux, by whom she had issue. Thomas fought on the French side, at the Battle of Bouvines on 27 July 1214.

Sometime around 1166, Maud married William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, son of William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber and Bertha of Hereford de Pitres. He also held the lordships of Gower, Hay, Brecon, Radnor, Builth, Abergavenny, Kington, Painscastle, Skenfrith, Grosmont, White Castle and Briouze in Normandy. When King John of England ascended the throne in 1199, Braose became a court favourite and was also awarded the lordship of Limerick, Ireland. Maud had a marriage portion, Tetbury from her father's estate.

Maud supported her husband's military ambitions and he put her in charge of Hay Castle and surrounding territory. She is often referred to in history as the Lady of Hay. In 1198, Maud defended Painscastle in Elfael against a massive Welsh attack led by Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Powys. She successfully held off Gwenwynwyn's forces for three weeks until English reinforcements arrived. Over three thousand Welsh were killed. Painscastle was known as Matilda's Castle by the locals.

Maud and William are reputed to have had 16 children. The best documented of these are listed below.

Issue
1. Maud de Braose (died 29 December 1210), married Gruffydd ap Rhys II, by whom she had two sons, Rhys and Owain.
2. William de Braose (died 1210). Starved to death with his mother in either Windsor or Corfe Castle. He married Maud de Clare, daughter of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, by whom he had issue, including John de Braose.
3. Margaret de Braose (died after 1255), married Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath, son of Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath and Rohese of Monmouth.
4. Reginald de Braose (died between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228), married firstly, Grace, daughter of William Briwere, and secondly, in 1215, Gwladus Ddu, daughter of Welsh Prince Llewelyn the Great. He had issue by his first wife, including William de Braose, who married Eva Marshal.
5. Giles de Braose, Bishop of Hereford (died 13 November 1215)
6. John de Braose (died before 27 May 1205), married Amabil de Limesi.
7. Loretta de Braose, married Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester. She died without issue.
8. Annora de Braose, married Hugh de Mortimer and later became a recluse at Iffley.
9. Flandrina de Braose, Abbess of Godstow, (elected 1242, deposed 1248).

In 1208, William de Braose quarreled with his friend and patron King John. The reason is not known but it is alleged that Maud made indiscreet comments regarding the murder of King John's nephew Arthur of Brittany. There was also a large sum of money (five thousand marks) de Braose owed the King. Whatever the reason, John demanded Maud's son William be sent to him as a hostage for her husband's loyalty. Maud refused, and stated loudly within earshot of the King's officers that "she would not deliver her children to a king who had murdered his own nephew." The King quickly led troops to the Welsh border and seized all of the castles that belonged to William de Braose. Maud and her eldest son William fled to Ireland, where they found refuge at Trim Castle with the de Lacys, the family of her daughter Margaret. In 1210, King John sent an expedition to Ireland. Maud and her son escaped but were apprehended in Galloway by Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick. After being briefly held at Carrickfergus Castle, they were dispatched to England.

Imprisonment and death
Maud and William were first imprisoned at Windsor Castle, but were shortly afterwards transferred to Corfe Castle in Dorset where they were placed inside the dungeon. Maud and William both starved to death. The manner in which they met their deaths so outraged the English nobility that the Magna Carta, which King John was forced to sign in 1215, contains clause 39: "No man shall be taken, imprisoned, outlawed, banished or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land."

Her husband died a year later in exile in France where he had gone disguised as a beggar to escape King John's wrath after the latter had declared him an outlaw, following his alliance with Llywelyn the Great, whom he had assisted in open rebellion against the King, an act which John regarded as treason. He was buried in the Abbey of St. Victor, Paris.

Maud's daughter Margaret de Lacy founded a religious house, the Hospital of St. John, in Aconbury, Herefordshire in her memory. On 10 October 1216, eight days before his death, King John conceded three carucates of land in the royal forest of Aconbury to Margaret for the construction of the religious house. He sent the instructions to her husband Walter de Lacy, who held the post of Sheriff of Hereford, by letters patent.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maud_de_Braose

However when Magna Carta was written in 1215, Clause 39 may well have been included with Matilda and her family in mind: “No man shall be taken, imprisoned, outlawed, banished or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land.”
https://www.geni.com/people/Mathilde-de-Clare/6000000000191632755

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: 9CS2-QX2
• Appointments / Titles: 1129; King's Marshall
• Military: 14 Sep 1141, Winchester, Hampshire, England; Battle during "The Anarchy", a civil war of the time. It ended with John's side fleeing in a rout.

Notes:

John FitzGilbert the Marshal of the Horses (c. 1105 – 1165) was a minor nobleman of supposed Anglo-Norman origin, during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of Empress Matilda.

Life
Beginning in 1130[1] and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I. When Henry died, John FitzGilbert swore for Stephen and was granted the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall, Wiltshire during this time. Along with Hamstead Marshal, this gave him control of the valley of the River Kennet in Wiltshire. He also held lands in Somerset, Berkshire, and owned some buildings in Winchester.[2] When Empress Matilda and her supporters landed in Sussex in 1139 to press her claim for the throne, John seems to have only been a nominal supporter of Stephen.[3] His loyalty to the king seems to have been in sufficient doubt that his castle at Marlborough was briefly besieged. When Stephen was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, John switched allegiance to Matilda. In September 1141, Matilda fled the siege of Winchester and took refuge in the Marshal's castle at Ludgershall. While covering her retreat from Winchester, John Marshal was forced to take refuge at Wherwell Abbey. The attackers set fire to the building, and John lost an eye to dripping lead from the melting roof.[4]

In 1152, John had a celebrated confrontation with King Stephen, who had besieged him at Newbury Castle. After John had broken an agreement to surrender, Stephen threatened to kill his son, whom John had given as a hostage. John refused, saying he could make more sons, but Stephen apparently took pity on the young boy and did not kill him. The boy grew up to be William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, a legendary figure in medieval lore, and one of the most powerful men in England.

Later in his life, John briefly became entangled in the Becket Controversy. Having unsuccessfully tried to assert a claim over the archbishop's land in Pagham in 1164, John then appealed to the king. Although John's claims were dubious at best,[5] King Henry used the affair to his advantage against Becket, who had refused to appear in person at the appeal. The resulting Council of Northampton in October 1164 led to further charges being aimed at Becket, such as embezzlement during his time as chancellor,[6] and he would soon flee to the continent.

The office of Lord Marshal, which originally related to the keeping of the King's horses, and later, the head of his household troops, was won as a hereditary title by John, passed to his eldest son and was later claimed by William.

Family
John was the son of Gilbert, Royal Serjeant and Marshal to Henry I, and his wife Margaret. After his father died in 1129, John inherited the title of King's Marshal. John married Aline Pipard, whose father Walter Pipard had been a friend of John's father. John repudiated Aline, about 1141; she subsequently married Stephen de Gay. John married (2nd) Sibyl of Salisbury, the sister of Patrick of Salisbury, who had been a local rival of his, and a supporter of King Stephen, up to that point. John had two sons by Aline Pipard – Gilbert (died 1166) and Walter (died before 1165). Walter predeceased his father and Gilbert died shortly after inheriting his father's lands.

John's eldest son by Sibyl of Salisbury, also called John Marshal (1145–1194), inherited the title of Marshal, which he held until his death. The title was then granted by King Richard the Lionheart to his second son by Sibyl, William (1147–1219), who made the name and title famous. Though he had started out as a younger son without inheritance, by the time he inherited the title his reputation as a soldier and statesman was unmatched across Western Europe. John Marshal had four sons by his second wife. As well as John and William, there were Henry (1150–1206), who went on to become Bishop of Exeter, and Anselm, who served as a knight in the household of his kinsman, Rotrou IV, Count of Perche. There were also daughters: Maud (wife of William le Gras), Margaret and Sybilla. Maud's daughter, Margaret, married Ralph de Somery, son of John de Somery and Hawise de Paynell.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshal_(Marshal_of_England)

---------------------------------------------------------------

“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“GILBERT, King's Marshal. He married ___. They had two sons, John and William Giffard. Sometime before 1130 he and his son, John, appeared in the king's court where they successfully maintained their office of master of the king's marshalsea against William de Hastings and Robert de Venoiz. He died in or shortly before 1130.
Hardy Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati 1(1) (1837): 46-47. East Anglian 3 (1869): 30-32. Round Commune of London (1899): 305-306. Painter William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron & Regent of England (1933). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix G, 91-99 (sub Rise of the Marshal). Keats-Rohan Domesday People (1999): 391 (author suggests Gilbert Marshal is possibly the son of Robert Marescal Norman, who occurs as a marshal in Domesday Wiltshire).
Children of Gilbert the Marshal, by
i. JOHN FITZ GILBERT (or JOHN THE MARSHAL) [see next].
ii. WILLIAM GIFFARD. He was presented to the church of Cheddar, Somerset sometime in the period, 1123-35. He was Chancellor to the Empress Maud c.1141-47. He is believed to be the William the Chancellor who witnessed three charters of King David I in Scotland. He appears to have witnessed charters between 1141 and 1153 as "Brother William Giffard." Rpt. on the MSS of the Wells Cathedral (Hist. MSS Comm. 12A) (1885): 68. Round Geoffrey de Mandeville (1892): 88-95, 123, 171, 180-183 (William the Chancellor styled "brother" [fratre] of John Fitz Gilbert), 195. Cal. MSS. Dean & Chapter of Wells 1 (Hist. MSS. Comm., vol. 12B(1) (1907): 144. C.P. 10 (1945): 526 footnote c (sub Pipard), Appendix G, 92, footnote h (sub Rise of the Marshal). Chibnall Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1992): 31-32. Garnett & Hudson Land & Government in Medieval England & Normandy (1994): 291-292.”
------------------------
... William, who entered holy orders and had the living of the church of Cheddar in Somerset. He went on to become chancellor to the Empress Matilda.

http://livingthehistoryelizabethchadwick.blogspot.com/2009/10/biography-of-john-marshal.html

John married de Salisbury, Sibyl in 1144 in Wiltshire, England. Sibyl (daughter of de Salisbury, Sir Walter and Chaworth, Sibyl) was born on 27 Nov 1126 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 3 Jun 1176 in Pembroke Castle, Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; was buried on 3 Jun 1176 in Bradenstoke, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• FSID: L785-BPL

Notes:

SIBYL OF SALISBURY
Biography
She was the daughter of Walter Fitz-Edward de Salisbury, Lord of Salisbury, and Sibyl de Chaworth his wife.

She was the wife of John Fitz-Gilbert, The Marshal of England.

She was the mother of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke; John Fitzgilbert II Marshall; Maud FitzJohn Marshall; Anselm FitzJohn Marshall; Henry FitzGilbert Marshall, Exeter and Richard FitzGilbert Mareschall.

She was the sister of Hawise de Salisbury; Walter Salisbury, Brade; Patrick de Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury and Mathilde d'Evereaux.

She is buried in the Priory of Bradenstoke, Wiltshire, England.

«b»Children«/b»
They had six children: John, William, Anselm, Henry, Maud, and a Daughter Marshal whose given name is unknown.
Their son William Marshal became Regent of England.