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- Roger de Mowbray
Born c. 1120
Died 1188 Tyre, Lebanon
Title Lord of Montbray
Nationality English
Wars and battles
Battle of the Standard
Battle of Lincoln (1141)
Second Crusade
Revolt of 1173–74
Battle of Hattin
Parents Nigel d'Aubigny and Gundreda de Gournay
Roger de Mowbray (Lord of Montbray)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roger de Mowbray (c. 1120–1188) was an English noble,
described by Horace Round as
a great lord with a hundred knight's fees, was
captured with King Stephen at the Battle of
Lincoln (1141), joined the rebellion against
Henry II (1173), founded abbeys, and went on
crusade.[2]
Contents
1 Family and early life
2 Career under Stephen
3 Career under Henry II
4 Legacy
5 References
6 See also
Family and early life
Roger was the son of Nigel d'Aubigny by his second wife,
Gundreda de Gournay.[3]
On his father's death in 1129 he became a ward of the
crown.[4] Based at Thirsk with his mother, on reaching his
majority in 1138, he took his paternal grandmother's surname of Mowbray and title to the lands awarded to his
father by Henry I both in Normandy including Montbray, as well as the substantial holdings in Yorkshire and
around Melton.[2]
Career under Stephen
Soon after, in 1138, he participated in the Battle of the Standard against the Scots and, according to Aelred of
Rievaulx, acquitted himself honourably.[4]
Thereafter, Roger's military fortunes were mixed. Whilst acknowledged as a competent and prodigious fighter,
he generally found himself on the losing side in his subsequent engagements. During the anarchic reign of King
Stephen he was captured with Stephen at the battle of Lincoln in 1141.[4]
Soon after his release, Roger married Alice de Gant (d. c. 1181), daughter of Walter de Gant and widow of
Ilbert de Lacy, and by whom he had two sons, Nigel and Robert.[5] Roger also had at least one daughter,
donating his lands at Granville to the Abbeye des Dames in Caen when she became a nun there.[4]
In 1147, he was one of the few English nobles to join Louis VII of France on the Second Crusade.[2] He gained
further acclaim, according to John of Hexham, defeating a Muslim leader in single combat.[5]
Career under Henry II
Roger supported the Revolt of 1173–74 against Henry II and fought with his sons, Nigel and Robert, but they
were defeated at Kinardferry, Kirkby Malzeard and Thirsk.[4]
Roger left for the Holy Land again in 1186, but encountered further misfortune being captured at the Battle of
Hattin in 1187.[3] His ransom was met by the Templars, but he died soon after and, according to some accounts,
was buried at Tyre in Palestine. There is, however, some controversy surrounding his death and burial and final
resting-place.[2][6]
Legacy
Mowbray was a significant benefactor and supporter of several religious institutions in Yorkshire including
Fountains Abbey.[3][2] With his mother he sheltered the monks of Calder, fleeing before the Scots in 1138, and
supported their establishment at Byland Abbey in 1143. Later, in 1147, he facilitated their relocation to
Coxwold.
Roger made a generous donation of two carucates of land (c.240 acres), a house and two mills to the Order of
Saint Lazarus, headquartered at Burton St Lazarus Hospital in Leicestershire, after his return from the crusades
in 1150.[7] His cousin William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel and his wife Adeliza, the widow of King Henry
I, had been amongst the earliest patrons of the order and, when combined with Roger's experiences in the Holy
Land, may have encouraged his charity.[8] His family continued to support the Order for many generations and
the Mowbrays lion rampant coat of arms was adopted by the Hospital of Burton St Lazars alongside their more
usual green cross.[1][9]
He also supported the Knights Templar and gave them land in Warwickshire where they founded Temple
Balsall.[7]
In total, Roger is credited with assisting the establishment of thirty-five churches.[2]
References
1. Burke, Bernard (1884). Burkes General Armoury. London: Burkes.
2. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thpeu blic domain: Round, John
Horace (1911). "Mowbray" (https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri18chisrich#page/948/mode/1up. )In Chisholm,
Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 948.
3. "Roger de Mowbray" (http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/people/roger_de_mowbra.yphp). Cistercians in Yorkshire Project.
Retrieved 23 February 2013.
4. Tait 1891.
5. "Mowbray, Sir Roger (I) de". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19458 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19458) . (Subscription or UK public library
membership (https://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/) required.)
6. "The mystery of the Mowbray grave "(http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/byland/history/app5.php. )Cistercians in Yorkshire
Project. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
7. Nichols, John (1795). The History and Antiquities of the County of Leiceste.r Leicester: John Nichols.
8. Marcombe, David (2003).L eper Knights. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 34.I SBN 1-84383-067-1.
9. Bourne, Terry; Marcombe, David, eds. (1987).T he Burton Lazars Cartulary: A Medieval Leicestershier Estate.
Nottingham: University of Nottingham.
Attribution
Tait, James (1891). "Mowbray, Roger de". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National
Biography. 25. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
See also
House of Mowbray
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Roger_de_Mowbray_(Lord_of_Montbray)&oldid=785857895"
Categories: Christians of the Second Crusade People of The Anarchy 1120 births 1188 deaths
12th-century English people Feudal barons of Mowbray
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1120 - 1188 (68 years)
