| Notes |
- Judith of Bavaria was the daughter of Count Welf of Bavaria and Saxon noblewoman, Hedwig. She was born about 797 in Alamannia. Her birth date is based upon the fact that she was 22 years old in December 819 when she became the second wife of Louis the Pious, Carolingian emperor and king of the Franks. Upon her marriage she became Queen of the Franks and Empress of the Romans. Judith and Louis had two children:
- Gisela, b. 820 married Eberhard of Friuli
- Charles the Bald, b. 13 June 823
In 830 while Emperor Louis was campaigning in Brittany, his sons from his first marriage moved to overthrow him. They removed their step-mother Judith from the throne, placed her in the convent of St Radegund at Poitiers, made accusations against her and tried for her 'crimes'. No one could be found to actually file charges against her, however, and she was purged of her charges. Even so she was exiled to Tortona in Italy. Louis attempted to prevent the revolt against him but was captured in 833 and held captive by his sons in Aachen. While he was imprisoned an attempted to murder Judith was prevented. Louis was restored to his throne in 834, with Judith by his side. Louis died in Ingelheim in 840. The widowed Empress supported her son Charles in his military campaigns and saw him crowned in 841. After Charles' marriage, Judith was forced into retirement, her health began to fail in 842 and she died on 19 April 843 in Tours, at about the age of 45. She was buried at the Basilica of Saint Martin, Tours. Her son Charles' first child born in 844 was a daughter, which he named Judith after his mother.
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“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS the Pious, King of Aquitaine, 781-813, Joint emperor, Emperor, 813-814, 834-840, legitimate son, born at Chasseneuil-du-Poitou in Aquitaine in 778, between 16 April and September. He married (1st) about 794 ERMENGARDE OF HASPENGAU, daughter of Ingram, Count of Haspengau. They had Lothair (I) [King of Bavaria, joint Emperor, Emperor], Pépin (or Pippin) (I) [King of Aquitaine], and Ludwig (II) [King of Bavaria, King of the Eastern Franks], and two daughters, Rotrude and Hildegarde. His wife, Ermengarde, died 3 October 818. He married (2nd) in February 819 JUDITH, daughter of Welf I, Count of Altorf, by his wife, Eigilwi (or Heilwich). She was born about 805. They had one son, Charles the Bald [King of the Western Franks, Emperor], and one daughter, Gisela (wife of Eberhard, Margrave of Friuli). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Arnulf. LOUIS the Pious (or LUDWIG der Fromme) died on an island in the Rhine near Ingelheim 20 June 840, and was buried in the church of the abbey of Saint Arnoul at Metz. His widow, Judith, died at Tours 19 April 843.
Viollet Prières et Fragments religieux (1870): 47-63. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno 840. Ludvicus imperator 12 Kal. Iulii diem obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Necrologia Germaniæ 1) (1888): 275 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XIII kal. May [19 April] - Judit regina"), 277 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XI kal. July [21 June] - Hludowicus imperator augustus") Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Emperor Louis I dated A.D. 816 - Oval: a bust, in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.), 112 (undated seal of Emperor Louis I - Oval: bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. The drapery fastened on the right shoulder with a button. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D 840: "Hludowicus imperator moritur."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) II 6. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 3(4) (1989): 736 (sub Welfen). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): II.5, III.9-III.15. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Ermengarde of Haspengau:
i. LOTHAIR, King of Bavaria, King of Italy, Emperor, married ERMENGARDE OF TOURS [see Line C, Gen. 3].
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Judith of Altorf:
i. CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, King of the West Franks, King of Italy, Emperor [see next].
ii. GISELA, married EBERHARD, Margrave of Friuli [see Line D, Gen. 3 below].”
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797 - 843 (46 years)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6] 
